Ladron de la mente book report

This book was written by Elias Miguel Munoz, Cuban American writer, who wrote series of books in Spanish language for people, who learn Spanish. He was born in 1954 and is known as editor, teacher and literary critic. He was a talented student as well. Elias Miguel was a man of society, he always thinks about the future generations and makes everything in order to support talented youth. As far as we know, CSU Dominguez Hills received donations of $26  000- this amount was donated by Elias Miguel Munoz and Karen Christian to create the Miguel Gallegos Memorial Scholarship. â€Å"Since I’ve graduated, I’ve had a dream of doing something for Dominguez Hills. I feel so proud of the education I received,† Munoz says. â€Å"And it honors me to be able to give back to the University that did so much for me. The professors in the Foreign Languages Department guided me toward a doctoral degree. My first exposure to literature was at Dominguez Hills, and that led me to writing, which is such a major part of my life now. It all started there.† (http://www.csudh.edu/InvestInUs/PrivateDonors.asp ) After he graduated from CSUDH, Elias Miguel Munoz entered University of California, Irvine (UCI) and received degrees of Master and Doctor in American and Spanish Literature. Moreover, he even began to teach literature at the University of California and everybody there were impressed by a talented student who so brilliantly spoke Mexican and English languages. (http://www.csudh.edu/InvestInUs/PrivateDonors.asp ) Elias Miguel Munoz wrote a lot of books and among them are â€Å"Crazy love† – the book which is a kind of novel where is described an immigration from Cuba to Florida, and which has a lot of information regarding the Cuban-American culture. Among his books are â€Å"Los Viajes de Orlando Cachumbambe (Coleccion Caniqui)†, â€Å"Quia Online Worksbook/Lab Manual t/a Dos Mundos: En Breve†, â€Å"Brand New Memory†, â€Å"En Estas Tierras†, â€Å"Fray Alberto de la madre de dios; Arquitecto (1575-1635), â€Å"Torres y castillos de la Cantabria medieval†, â€Å"Ladron De La Mente†, etc. â€Å"Ladron De La Mente† is of great interest not only for teachers of Spanish language, but also for students and all who start to investigate the mystery of this melodic and amazing language. The chapters of the book are quite short but easy to understand and very interesting. The main heroes of the book behave in such a way that you cannot tear yourself away of the book and you while you are reading, you have the feeling that you are the main hero and you experience all the things that happen there from the very beginning till the end of the story. The story takes place in Madrid (Spain), and the book has a lot of pictures and illustration of the beautiful suburbs of Madrid. It has a glossary at the end of the book, so the students can see unknown words to understand the story more clearly. The subject of the book is dedicated to a young woman and her strange, incomprehensible, mysterious boyfriend and the story is full of mystery, mystics, time travel; it is full of supernatural events, which take place and things one can hardly understand, without explaining it with the simple but strong word â€Å"magic†. Elias Miguel Munoz gives in the book some elements of Spanish history, which in his explanation is of great use for students and allow learning something about Spanish history in an easy and interesting way. During the story takes place and continues, students find out what happens to a thief who steals a thing or something which cannot be named as property, but something else. One of the main characters in the story is Marisol, a young woman. Marisol is a interpreter for one computer company specialized on software, and lives in Madrid with her friend Javier and sister Rocio. Here she is depicted like a beautiful young female with her thought and strong doubts. When the reader investigates the story, he almost associates himself or herself with Marisol, living her life and being the one with her from the beginning till the end of story. The reader connects himself with her from the very beginning. The main hero has a charming character but acts very reasonable and with a bit of irony. For example, she compares herself to Dulcinea – a female character of Servantes’ novel â€Å"Don Quijot† and to another female character in one challenging computer game â€Å"Damsel in Distress† Alfonso – the other character of this interesting story is a charming, tempting and seductive character, who shows his actual face and shows his worth from the bad side gradually. He is able to mask his real â€Å"face† for quite a long period of time and in the book he is charming and seducing Marisol like a real worshipper. Marisol was tremendously tempted by his behavior (http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/tg/stores/detail/-/books/0072326174/reviews/026-3948048-6710013 ). Javier and Rocio are the secondary heroes of â€Å"Ladron De La Mente† and they are quite deeply developed by Miguel. Marisol narrates everything what is going on with her and what she is experiencing, in her diary – so the story is written partially in a diary form by her. Still, she leaves a space for other characters to show out their feelings and thoughts. The entire story is penetrated by supernormal events and computer technologies – so the story is very modern (http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/tg/stores/detail/-/books/0072326174/reviews/026-3948048-6710013 ). Marisol likes to go to the cinema, to the theater, museums, to experience bright and jolly celebrations – to live a joyous life. Still, she likes museums and paintings there -she says that the work of Guernica influence her very much. She likes also paintings of Dali: â€Å"Aquellos relojes dormidos, flà ¡ccidos,vacà ­os de vida, me parecà ­an el presagio de algo; eran la imagen muerta de un tiempo sin tiempo† – dice Marisol (These weak, empty hours of life, they seemed to me an omen of something, it seemed to be an image, which died from time without time†,- tells Marisol about â€Å"The Persistence of Memory† (Dali, 1931). This work reflects every feeling, the painter wanted to show – feelings of inhabitants of the settlement, and victims of the war. Marisol surfs the internet, she reads science fiction and makes some quite interesting associations and connections between the books of fiction and her own challenging story. In every chapter we find themes of Spanish culture, which are very important in the history of Spain. Works Cited: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elà ­as Miguel. Ladrà ³n de la mente. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2000 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.csudh.edu/InvestInUs/PrivateDonors.asp 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/tg/stores/detail/-/books/0072326174/reviews/026-3948048-6710013      

The Global Fast Food Industry External Remote Environment Analysis

StakeholdersA stake holder of a company is any group or an individual who can have an effect or is affected by the success of the company’s goals. For the company to easily achieve its corporate business objectives (goals) , it must have a good connection with its external parties. This means that if the company’s relationship with its stakeholders is not strong, the company is bound to fail in achieving it’s corporate business objectives. This is because their interest to the corporation influences the corporation’s achievements.The company’s strong relationship with stakeholders is measured based on confidence, trust and cooperation. This means that the stakeholders’ interest to the company will be high if there is high trust, respect and good team work. This is majorly primary strategic management. For a company to maintain its competitive advantage and remain relevant, it should clearly identify its stakeholders and other external parties and strengthen its association with them. Stakeholders will include shareholders, employees, customers and suppliers.  It’s difficult to clearly identify the other external parties because there is no clear formula to define it. But because of advertisements, different people are becoming stakeholders depending on different factors. This involves global impacts of an industry such as climate change or cultural due to marketing and advertising.CUSTOMERThis is an individual or group which receives or consumes the final product or services of the company. For the company to increase and maintain its level of clients, it must produce high and good quality products or services. This will ensure that customers demand will be loyal and high. Also because of competition in the market, the corporation should be dynamic in its activities and the price for the product should be fair as different people have different perceptions to price hence should set fair prices to accommodate al l customers. The company communicates through advertisements, trade exhibitions & promotions, giving free samples, cash discounts, offering credit facilities among others. This increases customer awareness of the product or service.SuppliersThese are short term financiers of the company. Their confidence in the company depends on how prompt the corporation honors their credit facilities and how regular they carry on their businesses. The company communicates to this group through cheques, when they make payments, purchase orders.SHAREHOLDERSThey are the owners of the company. Their shares form the equity capital of the company. For them to retain their interest they must receive good dividends from the profits of the company and their investments must keep on appreciating in that company. This will increase the value of the shares and the company’s’ reputation. The company communicates to is shareholders through the Annual General Meeting, AGM which is convened yearly. These people are important to the company because if they have no confidence in the company, the value of shares will reduce in stock market, investors will withdraw their investments from the company and no new investors will invest, creditors will stop offering their services, employees will not receive their salaries, sales will go down and the hence the corporation will collapse.EmployeesThese are the managers of the company. The receive salary from the company and they are motivated if their working conditions in the company is good. the company communicates to the employees through holding meetings, letters of appointments, letters of dismissal and journals.The importance of the employees in the company is to ensure that the resources of the company are taken care of to achieve high results. This will increase sales and improve the reputation of the company. Also investors will be high and hence the value of the shares will increase.ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSISEconomic environmenta lWorld financial market is being affect by Middle East crisis the and US sub prime crisis and there is a global impact on consumer spending worldwide. At first sight this would seem a disproportionate reaction but banks all over the world are exposed to US debt. Sub-prime lending was lending at higher interest rates as a means of helping American consumers of lower incomes and poorer credit records obtain mortgages. These loans were then sold on, in complex ways, to other institutions including hedge (higher risk higher return) funds. The treatment of sub prime loans by the banks is likely to have far reaching effects including, possibly, a slowdown in the US economy and a confidence linked decline in US consumer spending. The Middle East crisis has affected the world economy because Middle East is the source of oil. Although there are alternative sources of energy still oil remains the most important source of energy. Crisis in the energy sector the world is affected.Fact is that U S retail sales rose only 0.3% in August 2007 suggesting increasing caution of the crisis ahead. US retail sales are a major driver of economic growth and may be viewed as an early response to a housing slump and financial market turmoil. Over the past 12 months, retail sales rose by 3.9% excluding autos. However, the level of spending did not indicate recession tendencies though analysts expect growth to decline in the near future. There were modest increases in sales for furniture (0.5%), electronics (0.4%), sporting goods (0.3%), and health care (0.3%) compared with the same month a year ago. Thus, this national economic problem might have a small effect on the food sector because some foods are usually priced higher than regular food (Xinhua News Agency, 14 September 2007).Technological TrendsNearly half of all Americans have broadband Internet connections in their homes, according to the annual survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project in July 2007. The number of home b roadband users nationwide now equals the total number of Americans with any type of Internet connection in 2000, the first year the survey was conducted. Four out of 10 African-American adults have broadband access at home, compared to 15% two years ago. Nearly one-third of rural Americans have home broadband connections, compared to about half of Americans living in urban areas and the suburbs. According to Pew, income and race are becoming less important differentiators in US broadband adoption.Also, according to a May 2007, 67% of US consumers favor making purchases at a traditional store. Some 69% said they used the Internet to comparison shop, and 58% said they go online to locate items before going to the store to make a purchase. Only 13% said the Internet had not improved their patronizing experience. The conclusion is that, instead of replacing brick and mortar stores, the Internet is an extension of consumers' patronize experience, providing a resource to research product and price. When asked what the most powerful influencer was concerning purchasing decisions, 60% said word of mouth, followed by advertising (47%) and online information (43%). In view of the technological trend of consumers being reliant on the Internet for information, KFC should consider setting up a website to have an edge against their competitors.This will assist in the increasing of profitability of fast food industry through advertising in the internet, website development which will list the products of the firm. The future of the firm is predicted with little degree of certainty.Socio-Political TrendsAccording to a survey by Light speeds Research, 70% of US adults support government actions like restricting TV ads for food. Women are more supportive than men of such measures, with 73% reporting support of government actions versus 63% of men.According to a nationwide telephone survey conducted by Research! America and The Endocrine Society in December 2006, some 27% of res pondents prioritized obesity as the top health issue for children, followed by lack of health care/insurance (16%) and nutrition/unhealthy diet (9%). According to Health Day News, the research, which was released on Dec. 13, also found that 52% of respondents regard obesity as a public health issue that society should help solve with 46% regarding it as a private issue. According to the National Center for Health Statistics at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 66% of American adults aged 20-74 and 17% of children aged 2-19 are overweight or obese.In some countries, health regulation requires nearly   restaurants to post calorie information on their menus. This means all these developments in the national and local level are beneficial for food vendors because the growing concern about healthy eating would surely boost their sales. In some countries and religions beliefs and values determines the type of food being sold in the market. Take for example in th e Muslim world some meaty foods will not be sold because of the beliefs. This applies to the east and the west. Foods taken in Japan can strange in Africa Europe and other places and the converse is true.REFERENCESAnonymous.(2007);   A Not So Great 2008: Emerging Trends Report.  National Real Estate Investor (Online Exclusive).Armstrong G. & Kotler P. (2007). Consumer Markets: Influences on consumer behavior, Principles of Marketing.Business Insights. (2003); The Health Food And Drinks Outlook To 2006: Consumer Insight, Market Dynamics & NPD. London: Business Insights Ltd.ICMR Case Studies and Management Resources. (2007). Consumer Behavior. Retrieved January 20, 2008 from http://www.icmrindia.org/courseware/Consumer%20Behavior/CBC03.htlmDonatelle, Rebecca J.(2005); Nutrition Eating for Optimum Health, Health: The Basics,New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.Freeman R. E.,(1984) strategic management, pitman books, Boston, Mass.Hillman A.J. Keim G.D.(2001);   Shareholders Value, Stakeholde rs management, and social issues: what is the bottom line?   Strategic management journalKotler, P. (2005); Principles of Marketing. New York.Melbourne PressRivera, Ray.(2007);   Fight to put calories on menus may widen.(Metropolitan Desk). The New York Times.Schaik J.L., (2002); The Task of Marketing Management; J.L. van Schaik (Pity) ltdSchiffman, Leon G., and Leslie L. Kanuk. Consumer Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.Television & Health. Retrieved January 21, 2008 from http://www.csun.edu/~vceed002/health/docs/tv&health.htmlWilson M.,(2003); Corporate Sustainability: what is it and where does it come from? , Ivey Management Services.Winer, R.S. (2007). Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Econ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Econ - Essay Example As such both the anti-trust laws and intellectual property right laws are at odds with each other due to their potential differences. Though both the legal regimes may seem quite non-relative with each other as intellectual property rights deal with the protection of certain rights over any kind of technological or other advances made whereas the anti-trust laws specifically deal with the competition and how market should be regulated. It is however, argued that both are linked in the sense that government attempt to create so called justified value in the market in a bid to unite the market. This paper will discuss the paradox of what intellectual property rights and anti-trust laws prevent and permit respectively and how this paradox can be solved. Intellectual Property Rights and Anti-trust laws Intellectual property rights are given in order to provide exclusive rights for different intangible assets to the owners of these assets. Most commonly Intellectual Property Rights or IPR are granted by giving or registering patents, trademarks, copyrights as well as industrial design rights. It is however; critical to understand IPRs are becoming increasingly more important not just only in the trade related issues at the national and international level but they are also becoming a matter of daily routine. This aspect of the IPRs therefore makes them critically more important to gain increasingly more significance from the social perspective also. It is argued that there is no uniform definition or explanation of the intellectual property rights at the global level however, different agreements and treaties have actually being made in order to iron out the anomalies and bring in harmony at the national level in the intellectual property rights. World Intellectual Property Organization defines intellectual property rights as â€Å"creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images and designs used in commerce†. (WIPO). This definition is relatively different from what has been defined by World Trade Organization. Definition by WTO suggests that intellectual property rights give exclusive rights to the creators of mind’s inventions to use them for certain period of time. The above definitions therefore suggest that intellectual property rights and their legal implications are still to be defined in uniform manner. Anti-trust laws however, are related with the concept of competition which is purely and economic concept and refer to a market based mechanism. Under this mechanism, everyone is allowed to enter and trade in the market freely and without any restrictions and should be given equal treatment and fair chance to pursue one’s own economic interests. Competition however, also requires optimal allocation of resources and is considered only valuable when it is able to optimally allocate the resources in the market. What is also important to note that competition inherently require s that there should not be any barriers or unfair use of market power and use of unfair practices which can provide an unfair advantage to someone? Competition therefore advocates a fairly balanced and just market mechanism under which everyone is free to enter and exit the market

Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Realism - Essay Example Various heated arguments have developed on realism and many scholars have come out their own construed versions of the perceived realism. Kenneth Waltz argues that all of the various explanations for the causes of war can be easily filtered into three images: that of man, the state and the international system. Applying Waltz’s logic to the realist camp, distinct categories of explanations can be readily identified. For example, traditional realism, with its emphasis on individuals, explains international phenomena and state behaviour from the point of view that human nature is intrinsically evil. Structural realism on the other hand throws out this assumption, and conducts an analysis based on the objective nature of the international structure, a system-level analysis. From the perspective of units of analysis, the different casual stories told by realist thinkers can be divided into three distinct categories: human nature realism, state-centric realism and system-centric realism2. Human nature realism, also known as biological realism, 3Donelly emphasizes man's biological abilities and intrinsically evil nature. Most classical realists (including the many modern political philosophers who have contributed to the development of realist thought), including especially Machiavelli, Herbert Butterfield, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hans Morgenthau fall into this category. Morgenthau's theory is the best example of human nature realism in international relations. In â€Å"Politics among Nations†, Morgenthau. presents a systematic discussion of the basic principles of realism. The first of these principles consists of an assumption regarding the role of human nature in politics: politics 'is governed by the objective laws that have their root in human nature.' In Morgenthau's view, 'political man is a selfish animal, and all human behaviour tends towards the control of others.' As a result, battles over power are rooted in human nature and as such are central to politics.4 State-centric realism looks for explanations for international relations phenomena and state behaviour from the vantage point of individual states (including national attributes, national interests and domestic politics). It is generally thought that realism does not concern domestic aspects of politics, or that consideration of such domestic issues represents a step away from realism's core concerns. Griffiths. M (1999) this type of view though represents an obvious misunderstanding of realism. The neo-classical realism argues more explicitly that individual states should be integrated into the theories of foreign policy. Scholars working to these ends have attempted to establish a connection between the state and system-levels of analysis, and have emphasized the role of domestic factors in explaining how state behaviour leads to outcomes at the system level. From the writings of the mainstream neo-classical realists, states are still treated as the determining factors in the analysis of foreign policy and state behaviour, thus these theories are considered to be 'second image' theories.

Traditional Budgeting Procedures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Traditional Budgeting Procedures - Assignment Example Senior management cannot take corrective steps in time unless a budget is available. This is how an elaborate budgeting process keeps an organization on track. Coordination is the second gain of detailed budgeting because organizations consist of departments and functions which are dependant on each other. The outputs and deliverables of staff functions are especially important and direct inputs on which line functions rely. The expectations and predictions of line functions in turn, affect capacity planning by staff functions. A budget serves as a forum for coordination, so that all parts of an organization work in unison towards shared goals. External stake holders such as suppliers may also be involved in a budgeting process (Dickey, 1992). The third advantage of elaborate budgeting systems is that of feedback, and perhaps the most important. Budgeting allows top management to appreciate the ground realities at the periphery of its structure, and gives an opportunity for people who are in direct and routine touch with market and environment realities to contribute their perspectives to their employers. Budgeting, in this sense, is not a procedure to be carried out in isolation, but is an instrument of great social interaction within an organization (Dickey, 1992). There are variations within the standard template of a detailed and formal budgeting system. Some management teams prefer a top-down process in which they specify minimal goals which are to be achieved. These refer to growth, profitability, and image in organizations which work for profit. Other organizations prefer to allow the lowest levels of hierarchy to propose opportunities around which a budget can be made. This approach relies heavily on scanning the environment by people who are in touch with customers, the distribution chain, and with competitive moves. It is difficult in real life to have an elaborate budgeting process which is entirely top down or developed from the bottom to the higher echelons of structure. The budgeting process tends to be iterative in nature, with various levels and branches of organization in negotiating dialogue with each other, before consensus on targets can be obtained. This iterative process of budgeting leads to one of its main criticisms about drawbacks. Budgeting can be an expensive and time consuming process, which can take a substantial part of personnel capacities. An excess of deliberations about the future can also distract attention and focus from short-term operational pressures. A second important limitation of formal budgeting relates to the uncertainties of a dynamic environment (Hope and Fraser, 2003). Conditions in which a budget has been prepared can change to such an extent that the accepted targets become irrelevant. The budget then loses its sanctity as a navigational tool, because it can no longer provide meaningful leads on how an organization fares. Budgets become invariably linked with individual performance appraisal matters. It is but natural to reward people who achieve or exceed accepted targets, and the reverse also applies, though in lesser degree in case targets are not met. Target achievement generates high expectations in terms of the people involved (Hope and Fraser, 2003). There are 2 consequences of this: firstly, people tend to build as much slack as they can in to target definitions,

Fanboys Film Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fanboys Film Reaction - Essay Example This includes the community interested in comic books, super heroes and certain fictional characters they admired in childhood (Davis 2). The cultural diversities displayed in this film are quite extraordinary. The manner in which people interact with one another is also something worth noting. This paper will review how the film brings about the cultural differences between the characters and the roles they all portray. In assessing the film, it is very easy to notice the filmmaker’s choice of setting for the film as he takes the audience back to the past. This was at a time where society expected a lot from men. Society expected them to be responsible enough to have steady, well-paying jobs. Society expected that from everyone who graduated from high school so they can be able to stand up for themselves. The work of art that the filmmaker sought to go after came in the form of this film (2). It is dedicated to all the faithful ones who dare to dream. Some other works of art can be represented in the same form. However, the most important thing to understand is what the creator of the work of art has had in mind. Once an individual gets to see with the filmmaker’s eyes, then and only then he/she becomes able to fully understand and appreciate the true meaning of art. When assessing other films, it is very easy to lose sight of what the intended purpose was. ... The characters act in this manner not another to portray the true identity of the people they address to or familiarise themselves with. Without these differences it is highly likely that it will be impossible to tell who is who while the film proceeds to the end. It is imperative that the filmmaker and many others clearly define such roles to have the desired effects (3). To prevent the audience from having a negative image of the message made by the characters and the movie itself, it is important to understand that the film was not directed to satisfy a specific group of people. Sometimes the characters behave in a way that may not be good. It can take a long time to stop calls coming in from all over to ban the work of art that was hard to make. The production and viewing of such a film should allow everyone to be culturally diverse in the roles they play in society. Everyone who watches the film can get a clear vision and perception of how cultures and people in society relate t o one another in spite of their differences. It concerns both the film industry and real life. These divergent cultures usually end up shaping the new way for people to live. The characters of the film appreciate different cultures presented in the film (3). This further leads to the global acceptance of certain ways and modes of living, thus, encouraging living in peace, harmony and understanding. All this helps to bring the world together under what is commonly known as a global village. The filmmaker gets to show these roles in very different ways. He introduces people from different areas making them interact within the film (3). With their introduction, the audience gets to see the culturally diverse roles they play. Even though the

Qui tam and whistle blowing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Qui tam and whistle blowing - Assignment Example Having a system that allows for anonymous reporting of frauds should be incorporated especially in the private sector to check the massive loss of taxpayer money. This paper briefly looks at a scenario touching on Qui tam and seeks to give a recommendation on its place in the corporate world. Joseph Wellington definitely handled the question satisfactorily or even appropriately; he just spoke of the need for sufficient grounds to initiate a qui tam. He did not explain briefly what it is, its merits, and what the policy of his firm in whistle blowing is. Having a credible case could be a policy but it should be part of a more elaborate policy for Josephs’ organization. The first step in answering the question would be to explain briefly what Qui tam is and how it applies to the organization. Qui tam is a provision within the federal claims act modified in 1986, which grants a whistleblower who initiates a qui tam (a suit) on behalf of the United States government between 15 and 25 percent of funds, the federal government recovers. The government recovers these funds due to the actions and evidence of the whistleblower against fraudulent claims that lead to wastage or loss of federal funds to entities that make false claims against it. The company policy on Qui tam is open; you can initiate legal proceedings whenever there is sufficient evidence to suggest false claims were made against the federal government. Workers are protected in the event that they take Qui tam action against the company. However, all employees must take the requisite steps to ensure this is not abused and that company secrets are kept that way (Johnson, 2003). The company sh ould have a policy for whistle blowing which can be done securely and anonymously without exposing the whistle blower. This; Mr. Joseph should have said is part of the company’s fraud reduction strategy which could end up saving the company rather than an uncomfortable topic to be brushed over. Whistle

Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Business Plan - Assignment Example K2 Fitness aims at supporting a healthy lifestyle for the people of United States and also to make available them with a comfortable, clean and judgment free place where they can pursue an active lifestyle. Offering low membership costs and extending opening hours have been issues of concern that will help the company register more members.  Their mission is to become the  leading health fitness provider within United States and beyond. Geared towards improving the health of the health conscious people in the United States, K2 provides a variety of equipment to its members for both cardio and strength training. The company has provided televisions on the cardio machines  with ports  to allow the health conscious to plug in headphones and tune to the television or radio station that they want to listen. The company also provides services such as massage, health and fitness training and providing cools drinks to its customers. Its slogan of judgment free zone coupled with its low monthly membership costs has enabled the company to get many customers joining to be members in the company. On demographic bases, the company targets people aged between 40-60 years because these people tend to grow old and may not be at a position to involve themselves in activities that help improve their health. Moreover, it targets the female gender more than the male gender. The company views this gender to be inactive when it comes to issues with maintenance of a fit and healthy body. They have the view that this gender leads a comfortable lifestyle in which they do not get their bodies involved in co-curricular activities. According to Dibb, & Simkin, (2008), considering that the willing customers located in a large populated area guarantees the company high profit. Psychographic system of targeting the customers puts K2 Fitness Company at a better position  by targeting customers using this system.  They give them the intuition that if they have any health complications that

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 34

Case study - Essay Example The mediator does not enjoy a determinative or advisory function, with respect to the dispute or the outcome of its resolution (Spencer & Brogan, 2006, p. 8). NADRAC’s model of mediation entails a neutral third party intervention, vis-Ã  -vis the dispute in question. It facilitates the disputants to arrive at an agreement. Considerable variation can occur, with regard to the extent to which the mediator intervenes. However, this does not extend to deciding the outcome. The mediator can suggest methods for resolving the dispute (Astor & Chinkin, 2002, p. 84). Several means of procuring the assistance of experts are available to disputing parties. In general, these entail the third party conducting an independent examination of a few of the circumstances of the dispute and providing a report of such investigation to these parties. On occasion, the mediator could also provide advice regarding desirable, probable and possible results (Astor & Chinkin, 2002, p. 89). The mediator conducts an investigation of the dispute and furnishes advice regarding the disputed facts. As such, expert appraisal provides an independent, impartial, and objective evaluation of the disputed issues. This is made available by an expert appointed for this purpose by the disputing parties (Astor & Chinkin, 2002, p. 89). The expert cannot make recommendations, although further negotiations can be based on his opinion. Nevertheless, he can employ the findings to suggest desirable, probable and possible outcomes to the dispute. Upon the parties consenting to the factual findings being final and binding, the process acquires a determinative aspect (Young, 2001). For the above scenario, I employed the Expert Appraisal and Determination method of Alternative Dispute Resolution, as the dispute requires an expert opinion regarding the absence of air bags in the car. Since there are no precedents in this area, an expert can provide a suitable solution to the problem, after

Relationship between the Management Layer, Board and Staff Assignment

Relationship between the Management Layer, Board and Staff - Assignment Example In the functional structure, employees in the organizations tend to perform with the specialized set of tasks. It would be easy for them to work with their specialized skills and be apt to feel comfortable (Iqbal, n.d.). With this structure, there would be a direct relationship with the management and the staff in each department product/service line because of direct supervision. There would be the close relationship, interaction, communication and quick response for both the management and the staff. The board at the same time, to which the management reports, can easily determine on what to focus for there is an open engagement of relationship.The system and internal structure, rewards, and benefits, application and teamwork are needed so that the board, management, and staff would enable to work successfully (â€Å"The Five Elements,† 2009). The system and internal structure of the organization should be sufficient for the survival of the member of the business. Rewards an d benefits should be given consideration so that loyalty among them would be achieved. Lastly, there should be the application of the system and teamwork so that success would be realized. Iqbal, N. (n.d.). Effective organization structure acts as the lifeblood of business. Ezine Articles.

Identify the Mission, Objectives, and Responsibilities of an Organisation Within It’s Environment Essay Example for Free

Identify the Mission, Objectives, and Responsibilities of an Organisation Within It’s Environment Essay An organisation is defined as ‘A group of people working together’ (Collins Dictionary 2001). An organisation is generally accepted as a unit working together to achieve the same goals. Concurring with this statement, Mintzberg (1997) defined goals as ‘the intentions behind decisions or actions, the states of mind that drive individuals or collectives of individuals called organisations to do what they do’. In order for an organisation to work, set guidelines have to be put in place for both short and long term aspirations, to ensure that the organisation is moving as a whole, a unit, to avoid separation, miscommunication, and misunderstanding. This can be achieved by administering a meaningful and worthwhile strategic plan consisting of a progressive, hierarchical set of aims. This will give each individual, as well as the organisation as a whole, a purpose. A set of aims can be as follows (Business Essentials 2010); An example of this would be my current place of employment. Their Vision Statement is as follows; ‘We are committed to providing a modern, efficient, and cost effective service focused on meeting our customer’s needs in a friendly , timely, and accurate manner, and will provide the necessary resources to enable achievement of our objectives. We will be readily accessible to everyone in the community to maximise social inclusion, minimise barriers to work and assist people to live in decent housing. We will process claims quickly and accurately, while actively reducing the incidences of fraud or error through investigation. Where fraudulent intent is proven, we will seek to apply appropriate sanctions as a deterrent against future activity. Where we seek to collect money, we will issue bills promptly and correctly. Where recovery action is required, we will act quickly, fairly, and impartially, but with due regard to social welfare and human rights of our customers.’ (Heather Tiso, 1995) However something so unobtainable may not be in the forefront of people’s minds. This is summed up in the following article statement ‘Mission statement in some companies has a huge influence in all management levels of the firm, but in others it is still just addition on the wall and usually what’s forgotten.’ Values of an organisation are more likely to be remembered, as they are more relatable to people within. The values upheld by the people within my organisation, are that of trust, respect, pride in work, ability to take ownership, two way communication – to give as well as to receive, to maintain excellent customer service at all time, to help each other out if need be, to feel comfortable and confident enough to speak up if they have any ideas for improvements, to strive for fairness, equality, and diversity, versatility, flexibility, taking responsibility for their own development, to be open minded as our line of service is ever changing. This encourages a culture of people that are able to pull together against constant adversity, and still achieve excellent results, as well as continually exceed Service Level Agreements (SLAs). The key objectives of my organisation, can be broken down in to the following examples; †¢Operational Goal – to increase revenue (Objective – decrease number of incorrect subsidy claims by 10%) †¢Non Operational Goal – to modify behaviour of customers (Objective – to get customers to act and think in a productive manner) †¢Primary Objective – to maximise revenues with as little expenditure as possible †¢Secondary objective(s) – to maintain excellent customer service, to strive for 100% accuracy, to maintain excellent working relationships with stakeholders. †¢Corporate Objectives – To increase customer satisfaction, to minimise risk, to ensure a glide path is in place for these objectives. †¢Unit Objectives – to answer all calls within 20 seconds, to deal with all work items with a turnaround of 9 days, to see all customers visiting the offices within under 5 minutes, to identify and understand our customer’s needs, to maintain a very high level of service, to develop personal/professional relationships with stakeholders. The influence of stakeholders Identifying Stakeholders is a process of integration within the said organisation. This can be summarised with a statement from a World Bank Group article – ‘All parties should be listed which are likely to be affected by the development, both positively or negatively, directly or indirectly.’ Stakeholders in our company are highly valued and important, and therefore our relationships with them are maintained to a very high standard. Our organisation has numerous companies identified as Stakeholders. This is not just on a professional level, as on top of Internal Stakeholders (i.e. staff) we recognise a number of Connected Stakeholders (customers, suppliers,) and External Stakeholders (local community, the government). Therefore, overall Stakeholder influence is vast, extending way beyond just making a customer happy. The knock on effects of the positive or negative experience of that customer may affect my organisation greatly. As different Stakeholders have different interests, it is not possible to focus on all of them at once with a blanket gesture in the hope of satisfying all their needs. Their needs have to be prioritised by looking at individual objectives, and balancing important/urgent needs with needs that would not have an adverse effect or affect relationships by waiting to be dealt with. Examples of Stakeholders in my organisation, are employees, customers, and the Government. As staff are immediately and intimately connected with the organisation, their influence is going to possibly be the strongest influence. It has been said numerous times that employees are the most influential. Motivated employees are highly likely to be more productive in producing work, ideas, and meeting objectives. Coincidently, the objectives of staff, are to be treated fairly, be given equal opportunity, be recognised for the consistently excellent work they produce when the odds are stacked against them, feel secure in their job and working environment, and have a sense that they are achieving. These objectives are met in the most part, however, as the organisation as a whole has a hierarchy , and it tends to be the senior managers setting objectives and deciding whether these have been met. This can lead to the human element being lost, and people judged by numbers, as other factors aren’t always taken into consideration. This can affect morale, but ultimately, our nee ds are met. Achieving objectives of stakeholders One of our Connected Stakeholders, our customers, are generally the focal point of our work. The bottom line, is customers want a service provided with their individual interests in mind, with the least possible output from them. The saying ‘The Customer is Always Right’, is incorrect in my opinion. The customer may not know what they need, they need to be asked open and closed questions in order to ascertain exactly what service they require. Customers wish to be heard, treated with respect, and for a positive experience with whatever organisation they deal with. The needs of our customers are met, as they are one of the most important stakeholders. Failure to meet these needs may result in loss of business, complaints, and repercussions from higher management if objectives are not met. The Government is an example of our External Stakeholders. This is due to the fact we are a public sector organisation, and a direct derivative of Central Government. The Government’s objectives are mainly that their Corporate Objectives influence our Unit Objectives, as well as Primary/Secondary Objectives. We meet the requirements of the Government by adhering to their laws, policies, procedures, and implementing them whilst maintaining a professional forefront to other stakeholders, such as the general public.

Servicescape analysis of a function

Servicescape analysis of a function Executive Summary Purpose: The purpose of this report is to critically analyse an establishment’s different servicescape dimensions and to provide an overall assessment of its servicescape. Analyses: The report aims to find out the different servicescape being utilised by the establishment which makes them successful and what’s need to change. The information in this report is collected through literature reviews mostly journal articles and an actual participation in each experience. Overall Assessment: Discussion will provide a value insight and practical knowledge regarding the topic and will provide more qualitative understanding of the findings to help future researchers improve upon the present study. Conclusion: In conclusion The servicescape plays a major part in shaping customers’ perception of the firm’s image and positioning. A service quality is often difficult to assess as customers frequently use the servicescape as an important quality signal. A well designed servicescape makes customers feel good and boosts their satisfaction and allows the firm to influence their behaviour on enhancing the productivity of the service operation. Numerous tactical decisions must be made when designing the organisation’s environment. Individuals based perceptions of the organisation’s services on sensory cues that exist in the organisation’s environment. Specific tactical decisions must be made about the creation and sometimes the avoidance of scent appeals, sight appeals, sound appeals, touch appeals and taste appeals. The design of management of the organisation’s sensory cues are critical to its long term success. The servicescape must be designed with consideration of the impact on each of the five (5) senses. The Saints Brasserie is located at Edensor Road, serving lunches and dinner, Saints offers Australian and French cuisine with spectacular views. Their staffs provide guests with unsurpassed service, sumptuously prepared dishes served in a warm and friendly atmosphere. It can be a favourite destination spot and a great place to enjoy delightful meals, share a cocktail or glass of wine with friends. Their extensive wine cellar offers a wide selection of vintages and elegant food pairing possibilities. With inside seating, guests can enjoy expertly prepared poultry, fresh seafood, and meats all cook to order. For dessert, enjoy fresh fruits, cappuccino, simple chocolate and deep dark espresso or relax under the stars. Introduction The term â€Å"brasserie† is a French word meaning a French restaurant serving singled dishes with a relaxed seating. This gives Saints a French appeal. Saints Brasserie has a simple servicescape. The restaurant is designed to target the average income class and anyone who is looking for great food at affordable prices. Physical Dimension A.1 Signs, symbols artifacts As soon as patrons arrive at St. John’s RSL, they are given immediate directions on where to go. The plentiful amount of signs throughout the establishment show where things are located and how to get around. One of the highlights at Saints is the use of collaterals highlighting the daily specials hanging high up on the wall outside of the entrance for everyone to clearly see. This will gain the attention of patrons and track those who are interested with the special being offered. Patrons also need to first find a table before ordering. However, the signage is so small and unnoticeable which creates confusion and disorganisation to both the cashier and customers especially during their peak hours, which is from 11PM – 1PM and 5PM-8PM. There is a signage that says â€Å"Order here† which clearly shows where to line up for dining in or taking out. Customers can only make one line, but there are two cash counters that speed up the ordering process. Guests are assisted by friendly staffs who have knowledge both the menu and food. Also, outside the entrance is the monitor with the entire menu of the restaurant with every item Saints has to offer. Though occasional, it is poorly chosen as it is in the middle of the line and those who choose to see the menu without waiting in line are not able to as there is no crowding allowed in that hall. Moreover, the menu of Saints is detailed with few visual aids and variety. Included in the menu is their monthly specials. The menu is not cluttered so customers can easily find the desired items. Here is the sample of what Saints has to offer for dinks and food. Both are presented well and taste great. A.2. Space/ Function Saints does an excellent job of transforming the BINGO area into seating and therefore utilises it for more than one purpose. This is made available when the area is not being used for gaming. However, Saints has no separate room for special events and larger party. There are three different types of atmospheres and tables within the restaurant. There is the regular seating, the boost banquet seating which is located along the windows of the bar near the back as well as the bar seating which are raised tables and taller chairs. In every meal, patrons can get a free drink which you have to claim at the RSL’s main bar. The bar is central to seating which is beneficial as it allows customers to have easy access to the bar without going all the way into the restaurant. It is accessible right by the door so if one wanted to just attend the bar then they could do so. However, the restaurant does not offer seating at the bar. That is why instead of the usual bar set-up where TVs are located just above the bar, the television at Saints are located on the right side of the main bar where customers can wait for their orders and drinks. The televisions in Saints are often displaying sports channels, which is very indicative of the Sports bar appeal the restaurant has. Different TVs often shows different sports so customers can choose what is most important to them to watch and focus on that. A.3 Ambient Conditions During the day, there is a non- direct natural light from the windows while the general view of the interior lights provide a warm bright atmosphere. The entire restaurant is very clean with modern styling. There is a lot of available space and is open in concept. For the dinner atmosphere, the lighting is reduced to a more amber special area lighting approach creating a more comfortable atmosphere for customers can feel that they can stay longer. The restaurant music and noise stays at reasonable levels allowing for table conversations. The creative and vibrant lighting at the bar changes further emphasising the nightlife mode. It is suggestive of a fun, upbeat nightclub and a place to let loose and grab a drink with friends. After dinner is over, the lights are reduced further for the bar crowd. Lighting is changed to spotlighting approach for areas that need vision. Reducing the lighting makes people feel less self-conscious and more inclined to dance and drink. The music and people of the night time bar are all of similar age as expected at a RSL. B. Social Dimension Employees at Saints know the responsibilities and are delegated to specific tasks such as clearing and serving food orders. The main bar is spacious enough where bartenders can easily move behind the bar to efficiently make drinks and take orders. However, Saints has its downfalls and unfortunately there are unnoticeable faults that hindered my experience during atleast one of my visits. The first being, keeping the cleaning supplies out of the eyes of the guests especially not putting the dirty rags right beside the clean cutlery. The initial greeting and wait times can take very long and guests never know how long they actually have to wait. Moreover, food orders also take too long to come out. We have waited for more than an hour before it came out. Socially – symbolic Dimension D. Natural Dimension Overall Assessment First impressions are key to a positive experience. Luckily, a solution to each negative influence to the servicescape can easily be made. Overall, Saints has transformed into a bar with a true identity. One that is connected and integrated with its customers with modern sports bar dà ©cor, functional layout with various seating options and a conveniently located bar among other great features. Staffs are friendly, the aromas are enticing and food are delicious. Knowing this, Saints has a solid foundation but does need some direction to really make it a place to be.

The Photovoltaic Energy Calculation Engineering Essay

The Photovoltaic Energy Calculation Engineering Essay We used the program PVSYST in order to calculate accurately the output of our photovoltaic installation. PVSYST was the only program we had access to and it is a very widely known industrial program for sizing and designing photovoltaic systems. We used the most up to date version of 5.0.6. Procedure First from the main menu above we choose project design and we select the stand alone system because ours is not connected with an existing grid (i.e. electrical generator) In order to create a project in PVSYST, here is the Eco-friendly bulk carrier, we have to define: The project name, which will identify the project in the file list in our data library. The geographical location. The hourly Meteo file, which is given from the program. A geographical site is defined by: its name, country, and world region, its geographical co-ordinates: latitude, longitude, altitude and time-zone, Monthly meteorological data. To be used in the simulation, the minimum meteorological data include: the monthly Global horizontal irradiation Monthly averages of the ambient temperature. Meteo values are displayed and easily defined on the screen. It is to be noted that for the verification of rather uncertain data, the clearness index Kt is also displayable, which is the irradiation actually received on earth, normalised to extra-terrestrial irradiation in monthly values. The monthly average of Kt should usually lie between about Kt = 0.25 and Kt = 0.75 at any place (PVSYST defaults). Monthly meteo values can be used as a basis for the generation of synthetic daily data. Then we generate a graph for the specific site (i.e. Broome): Where, the blue line is the clear day model (irradiation values with clear sky). The above graph shows us graphically the irradiation sum per month (diffuse and global) with daily change values. The Clearness Index Kt for Broome: We can see that the values range from 0.25 to 0.75 The ambient temperature changes through the year. The above graphs were generated by the program from the below table: Also it is interesting to show the solar path at Broome or what is the solar height with respect of the plane through the day in order to understand how the sun moves from east to west. The graph also shows some landmark dates (denoted as 1 to 7) where the sun changes height: Our next step to the program is to find the albedo Coefficient: The albedo coefficient is the fraction of global incident irradiation reflected by the ground in front of a tilted plane. This effect takes place during the reversal computation of the horizontal irradiation onto a tilted plane. The albedo seen by the plane is of course null for a horizontal plane, and increases with tilt. In the project definition, the albedo values can be adjusted each month in order to take any possible snow-cover into consideration. The value usually admitted in the urban localities is of the order of 0.14 to 0.22, and can go up till 0.8 for a snow-cover. Ideally, the best value is obtained by a direct measurement on the site. But in practice, except for vertical planes, this value does not take on any great importance as the albedo component is relatively weak in the incident global irradiation (this contribution can be visualised in the results of the simulation). The following table gives some usual values for the albedo: We used the 0.35 value of the Albedo coefficient because it matches on our material. After defining the above values through the program we proceeded to the orientation of our PV plane. Our project consist a fixed tilted plane (The plane tilt is defined as the angle between the plane and the horizontal), because we considered placing the panels at the hatches due to the fact that they would be exposed all day to the suns radiation. PVs are placed onto the hatches of the ship with zero tilt (Azimuth is zero as well because it doesnt affect the global on collector plane output. In northern hemisphere, the plane azimuth is defined as the angle between south and collector plane. In southern hemisphere, the plane azimuth is defined as the angle between north and collector plane). As the program calculated, our loss with respect to an optimum orientation is 3.8% and the available irradiation on this tilted plane is 2370kWh/m2 We also considered using various configurations of panels as to maximise the output per m2 before choosing the above configuration. The below configurations was rejected due to the sun is changing place constantly throughout the day and the ships movement reinforces the situation, we decided that the best configuration was the above due to sturdy design (one panel placed along the hatch), high efficiency (sun always hit the panel at any time) and simple installation. Using two panels on each hatch half, tilted for 25o each having an output of 2445 kWh/m2 and the loss to an optimum orientation is 0.7%. Sun hit the panels only east and west when the ship goes north. (Highest efficiency, complex design, not easy installation). Using two panels on each half, tilted for above 25o the output is greatly decreased and we have great loss to an optimum orientation. The next step is to calculate the near shadings effect or shading. Near shadings are partial shadings which affect only a part of the field. The shaded part changes during the day and over the seasons. We call shading factor the ratio of the illuminated part to the total area of the field, or inversely shading loss is its complement. Through the construction/perspective tool we created a model of the ship from the ships particulars with the PVs installed on it in order to calculate the shading loss we have in various positions of the ship: The real effect of partial shadings on the electrical production of the PV field is non-linear, and depends on the interconnections between the modules. In the PV array, the current of each cell string is limited by the current of the worst cell in the series. That is, when one only cell is shaded the entire string is strongly affected (which has also dramatic effects on the I/V(current/voltage) characteristics of the whole array). Even with by-pass protection diodes, this string does not participate more than slightly in the production of the PV array. This phenomenon is too complex to be treated in great detail . Nevertheless, the program provides a simplified method, giving the possibility of partitioning the field into rectangles, each of which supposed to represent a string of modules in series. Then it calculates a Shading factor according to strings, stating that as soon as a string is hit by a shadow, the entire string (rectangle) is considered as electrically unproductive. A lthough not perfect, this approach should give an upper limit for the real shading loss evaluation. In practice, one often observe that (except for regular arrangements like sheds), this upper limit is not so far from the lower limit (that is, the linear loss). And the losses percentage due to shading in any sun height. After we define the natural parameters, we proceeded to the system consumption during a month in the specific site (BROOME). We cannot apply the maximum load 669.64 kW because it is the 100% and it is impossible to achieve it, but we apply an acceptable amount of about 20% of the max output which is 140Kw as a fixed load for 12 hours. After that we proceed to battery set and module selection: Where: LOL Loss-of-load probability This value is the probability that the users needs cannot be supplied (i.e. the time fraction when the battery is disconnected due to the Low charge regulator security). It may be understood as the complement of the Solar fraction (although it is described in terms of time rather than energy). During the sizing process, the LOL requirement allows for determining the PV array size needed, for a given battery capacity. Here the default program value is 5% which is acceptable. Autonomy and battery sizing: In the Presizing process, the proposed battery pack capacity is determined according to the required autonomy of the system, given in days. The autonomy is defined as the time during which the load can be met with the battery alone, without any solar inputs, starting of course from a full charged battery state. With non-constant loads (seasonal or monthly definition, weekly use), this is accounted as the worst case over the year. The calculation takes the minimum state of charge (SOC) disconnecting threshold, and the battery energy efficiency into account. For our project we decided that 4 days is enough autonomy for our ship. Battery Voltage Choice In a stand-alone PV system with direct coupling to the user (without inverter), the battery voltage determines the distribution voltage. As now many DC appliances can be found as well in 24V as in 12V, this choice should be made according to system and/or appliance power, as well as the extension of the planned distribution grid to minimise the ohmic wiring losses. This choice should be done from the early planning of an installation, since the existing appliance voltage usually cannot be changed, and voltage translators will be expensive and not 100% efficient. The rated distribution values could be chosen according to the following criteria (inverter supposed directly connected on the battery pack): 12V: little systems for lighting and TV: Appliance max power 24V: medium size, with fridge and little appliances, or wiring extension to more than 10 m. Appliance max power 48V: special industrial or agricultural use Appliance max power Higher powers require either high DC voltages (special appliances) or AC feeding through inverter. Here we choose 440V The module which we choose was the highest output monocrystalline silicon module in the program database, from SunPower company, constructed in 2009 the specifications of the module are: The batteries specification ,model and Manufaturer: Continuing: below is a brief sketch of the system The battery operating temperature was set to a fixed value of 20oC and the program let us use a default regulator with a DC-DC converter which specs are above. Array Losses Array losses in PVSYST program: Array loss parameters are initially set to reasonable default values by the program, so that modifications only need to be performed during a second step of the system study. PVSYST treats in detail the following loss types in a PV array: Thermal losses Ohmic wiring losses Module quality losses Mismatch losses Incidence angle (IAM) losses. In the simulation results, the effect of each loss will be available in hourly, daily or monthly values. They may be visualized on the Loss diagram. Array Thermal losses Thermal Model The thermal behaviour of the field which strongly influences the electrical performances is determined by a thermal balance between ambient temperature and cells heating up due to incident irradiance: U  · (Tcell Tamb) = Alpha  · Ginc  · (1 Effic) Where Alpha is the absorption coefficient of solar irradiation, and Effic is the PV efficiency (related to the module area), i.e. the removed energy from the module. The usual value of the Absorption coefficient Alpha is 0.9. When possible, the PV efficiency is calculated according to the operating conditions of the module. Otherwise it is taken as 10%. The thermal behaviour is characterised by a thermal loss factor designed here by U (formerly called K-value), which can be splitted into a constant component Uc and a factor proportional to the wind velocity Uv: U = Uc + Uv  · v (U in [W/m ²Ã‚ ·k], v = wind velocity in [m/s]). These factors depend on the mounting mode of the modules. For free circulation, this coefficient refers to both faces, i.e. twice the area of the module. If the back of the modules is more or less thermally insulated, this should be lowered, theoretically up to half the value (i.e. the back side doesnt participate anymore to thermal transfer). Determination of the parameters The determination of the parameters Uc and Uv is indeed a big question. We have some reliable measured data for free mounted arrays, but there is a severe lack of information when the modules are integrated. What value should be chosen according to the air duct sizes under the modules, and the length of the air path? One can observe that the heat capacity of the air is very low. Even with large air vents, the flowing air under the modules may quickly attain the equilibrium with the modules temperature at the end of the duct, leading to no heat exchange at all. Therefore for the top of the array the U value may be the fully insulated U-value; you can have big differences between the regions of the array near the air input, and at the output. The program doesnt take this inhomogeneity of the array temperature into account. On the other hand, the use of the wind dependence is very difficult. On one hand the knowing of the wind velocity is extremely rare. On the other hand the meteo wind velocity (taken at 10 meter height) is not representative of the temperature at the array level (there may be a factor of 2 between them). In this respect the Uv value is obviously not the same for these two definitions of the wind velocity. Default and proposed values The default value is fixed for free-standing arrays, as: Uc = 29 W/m ²Ã‚ ·k, Uv = 0 W/m ²Ã‚ ·k / m/s If you have fully insulated arrays, this should be halved: Uc = 15 W/m ²Ã‚ ·k, Uv = 0 W/m ²Ã‚ ·k / m/s These values suppose an average wind velocity of around 1.5 m/sec at the collectors level. In very windy regions (larger average wind velocities), you can increase the values; but we cannot say by which amount in a reliable way. NOCT Values Some practicians and most of PV modules catalogues usually specify the NOCT coefficient (Nominal Operating Collector Temperature), which is the temperature attained by the PV modules without back coverage under the standard operating conditions defined as: Irradiation = 800 W/m ², Tamb=20 °C, Wind velocity = 1 m/s, Open Circuit. The NOCT factor is related to loss factor U by the thermal balance (from the expression of the top Alpha  · 800 W/m ²  · (1 0) = (Uc + Uv  · 1m/s)  · (NOCT 20 °C). In the definition dialog, the user may define either the U factors or the NOCT. The program immediately gives the equivalence (using Alpha=0.9 and Effic = 10%, without wind dependence). Ohmic wiring losses Ohmic Loss Ratio The Ohmic Loss ratio is referred to the PV array at standard conditions (1000 W/m ², 25 °C), It is the ratio of the wiring ohmic loss Pwir = Rwir * Isc ² compared to the nominal power Pnom(array) = Rarray * Isc ² (SC= short circuit). Where: Rarray = Vmp / Imp at Standard Test Conditions (STC) Rwir = global wiring resistance of the full system. This is computed for a given sub-array as the resistance of all strings wires in parallel, in series with the cables from the intermediate connexion box on the roof to the inverter input. The global wiring resistance Rwir is obtained by putting all the sub-array wiring resistances in parallel. Use in the simulation The Global wiring resistance value finally used during the simulation may be defined here: as an Ohmic Loss ratio (the default value is 1.5% at STC) or given explicitly in mOhm. Wire diameter optimisation and Wiring Resistance Wire sections are determined by the maximum allowable current and the ohmic resistance. Here the proposed diameters are automatically limited to the minimum allowable section, according to the European standards for isolated wires mounted in apparent mounting ducts. Now for a given global loss target (at STC, i.e. maximum operating current), the best section choice is determined by the program in order to minimise: The global copper mass, The ohmic losses behave in a quadratic way with the array current (Ploss = R  · I ²), so that the ratio diminishes linearly with the output current. Therefore the average wiring losses are much lower during the whole running year. Metal resistivity The resistivity of wiring metals is strongly dependent on the temperature, which can widely vary due to dissipating currents. For pure metal, one has: Copper: Rho = 1.68 E-8 * (1 + 0.0068 * Temp [ °C]) [Ohm ·m] Default value: Temp = 50 °C => 22 mOhm ·mm ²/m Aluminium: Rho = 2.7 E-8 * (1 + 0.0043 * Temp [ °C]) [Ohm ·m] Default value: Temp = 50 °C => 33 mOhm ·mm ²/m We use copper which have minimum resistivity. Module quality losses / mismatch Module quality loss It is well-known that most of PV modules series dont match the manufacturer nominal specifications. Up to now, this was one of the greater uncertainties in the PV system performance evaluation. Now, with guaranteed power statements and increasing availability of independent expertise, the situation seems going toward some clarification. Module series are sold with a given tolerance, and actual powers usually lie under the nominal specified power, but stay in the tolerance. We decided that the program default was acceptable. Array mismatch loss Losses due to mismatch are related to the fact that the real modules in the array do not strictly present the same I/V characteristics. The graph below helps for visualising the realistic behaviour of such an array, with a random distribution of the characteristics of short-circuit current for each module. This allows for the quantification of power-loss at the maximum power point, as well as of current-loss when working at fixed voltage. (MPP= maximum power point) Array incidence loss (IAM) The incidence effect (the designated term is IAM, for Incidence Angle Modifier) corresponds to the weakening of the irradiation really reaching the PV cells surface, with respect to irradiation under normal incidence. In principle, this loss obeys Fresnels Laws, (They describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. The reflection of light that the equations predict is known as Fresnel reflection), concerning transmission and reflections on the protective layer (the glass), and on the cells surface. In practice, it is often approached using a parameterisation called ASHRAE (as it has become a standard in this American norm), depending on one only parameter bo: FIAM = 1 bo  · (1/cos i 1), with i = incidence angle on the plane. For single-glazed thermal solar modules, the usually accepted value for bo is of the order of 0.1. But in a PV module, the lower interface, in contact with the cell, presents a high refraction index and our specific measurements on real crystalline modules actually indicate a value of bo = 0.05. Final Report for Broome for January

Free College Essays - An Analysis of Solo by Jack Higgins :: Solo Essays

An Analysis of Solo This book, in my opinion, is a very good example of a serial killer, and his ironic demise.   The book begins with an example of serial killing, where a powerful, influential man is killed by an assassin.   The book, after the killing, follows the killer to an unusual place-a concert hall. There it is found that the killer is internationally famous concert pianist John Mikali.      Ã‚  Ã‚   This man, Mikali, has been tormented by death and pain all of his life. His family has been based through a stout naval history, as his father, and relatives past have all been commanders and captains of great naval ships. The one break in the chain was his Grandfather and him, John, who is a concert pianist.   John is clever but physcotic, because his hobby, as gruesome as it may seem, is killing.   It began one day when his nanny was killed.   It seemed she was killed by a hit and run driver.   John, who loved his nanny so much, decided to get revenge, and revenge he did.   He killed the man who had been driving the car.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The book starts out, as said, with a killing and then by revealing the killer.   Then the book goes into a story of the life of the man Mikali. His mother and father had been killed at sea, and the only people he had left were his nanny and his aunt. The book gives an accurate description of his life and times before his incredible hobby.      Ã‚  Ã‚   After the book describes Mikali's background, which itself is filled with death, the book goes into the current life of Mikali and how he got to where he is.   Mikali discovered his great talent in music at a very early age.   His grand-father, who is the only blood relative he has left, is committed to his grand-son.   He gives his son the best schooling in the form of music he loves the most: the Piano.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The book after it has dealt with the past then goes into the present. Using this method, it resembles a time line:       MIKALI'S DEEP PAST--------RECENT PAST---------PRESENT TIME      Ã‚  Ã‚   After the recent past, in which Mikali has killed over 30 well known and influential people all around the globe.   He uses his influential piano connections to travel all around the globe.

Libertarianism Essays -- essays research papers

For centuries philosophers have debated over the presence of free will. As a result of these often-heated arguments, many factions have evolved, the two most prominent being the schools of Libertarianism and of Determinism. Within these two schools of thought lies another debate, that of compatibilism, or whether or not the two believes can co-exist. In his essay, Has the Self â€Å"Free Will†?, C.A. Campbell, a staunch non-compatiblist and libertarian, attempts to explain the Libertarian argument.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To achieve this, Campbell first sets out the two pre-suppositions necessary to the Libertarian argument. Firstly, he defines which kind of freedom he is discussing when he speaks of free will. Campbell characterizes â€Å"the freedom at issue† as one that predominantly concerns a person’s inner acts and decisions (377). A person’s observable acts are important only as they show an inner â€Å"life of choice†(377). Therefore the moral freedom assumed is that freedom which concerns inner acts. The second, and more complicated, of Campbell’s requirements is to define what constitutes a â€Å"free act.† There are two parts to this definition. The first necessitates â€Å"that the act must be one of which the person judged can be regarded as the sole author† (378). This point raises the question of how one can determine authorship. For certainly â€Å"the raw material of impulses and capacities that constitute [one’s] hereditary endowment† cannot be determined by the individual and surely have an impact on his inner acts (378). Further, the individual cannot control â€Å"the material and social environment in which he is destined to live† and these factors must influence his inner acts as well (378). Campbell allows that, while these aspects do have an impact on one’s inner acts, people in general â€Å"make allowances† for them, and still feel morally responsible for one’s self (378). In other words, one recogni zes the effects of hereditary and environment on his inner acts, but acknowledges that his self can and should still be held morally responsible, as it can overcome these factors. Thus, Campbell claims, sole authorship of an act is possible. The second part of this definition of a â€Å"free act† requires that one could have acted otherwise because one could have chosen otherwise (380). With this final presupposition, Campbell states that an act is a free act if and only if... ...† in that it is a â€Å"creative act of moral decision† and is only significant from the inner standpoint (387/389)). With these criticisms dispelled, Campbell can finally claim Libertarianism as the leading philosophical viewpoint. With Campbell’s argument entirely laid out, the final question remains: is it sound? Based on the premises of his arguments as I see them, I believe I am safe in saying that yes, his argument is sound. Campbell has explained his premises clearly enough to persuade me into his manner of thinking. The only threat to his argument that I see lies in the his rebuttal of the meaninglessness criticism. I feel that he did not respond to this critique head on. Campbell claims that only the person making the moral choice can be aware of the reasons he made that choice. He, also, claimed that even a Determinist placed in a position of moral choice, has to be aware of his freedom of decision, but, if that is true, how do the advocates of meaninglessness fail to see the reason behind the choices they have made? This is the only point I am aware of that can jeopardize the soundness of Campbell’s argument. If he can explain this, he will have made a libertarian out of me.

Computerized Manufacturing :: essays research papers fc

Computerized Manufacturing Systems Historical manufacturing and accounting management systems did not provide data for effective development of a production schedule or supply chain management. (6) Companies did not have the ability to measure inventory, workflow process, labor and production efficiently or accurately. With the progression of automation and the revolution of the desktop computer accompanied by developing software companies are now able to use computerized manufacturing systems to record and maintain accurate data and management all aspects of the accounting and manufacturing process. (2) This paper will discuss the development of automation and computerized manufacturing systems and specifically the ERP solution. Manufacturing systems were initially managed by abstract calculations or simulators designed to produce theoretical results and measure manufacturing schedules. These methods were very time consuming and cost effective. The job of a manufacturing organization was broken down into various development phases. (1) These phases include the following: Table (1): Operation: The task to be performed in the manufacturing job shop Processing Time: The amount of time required to process the operation (in most cases sets up times are independent of operation relations and are included in processing time) Job: The set of operations that are interrelated by procedure constraints derived from technological restrictions. Machine: The piece of equipment (a device or a facility) capable of performing an operation. Release Time: The time in which the job is released to the shop floor, it is the earliest time at which the first operation of the job can begin processing. Due Date: The time by which the last operation of the job should be completed. Completion Time: The time at which processing of the last operation of the job is complete. Schedule: Specification of execution of each operation on a particular machine at a specific time. A feasible schedule is a schedule that observes all problem constraints. These phases would usually be done manually and line managers would measure the process.(1) These measurements would be dependent on variable for example, sick time, employee production and employee motivation.(1) Although these steps are similar today these variables have been greatly removed from the manufacturing process through automation and more efficient production data and scheduling tools available.(1) Another method for developing manufacturing schedules was through the use of simulators. One of the original programming languages, "Fortran" was used as a tool for planning departments.(5) The planning team would use Fortran to construct simulation models for various industries, however one of the primary uses for these models was in manufacturing and process control.

What is the purpose and role of a résumé?

I think the main purpose of a resume is to provide a company with an overview of your professional achievements and background. Your resume acts as a marketing document, whether on paper or online, and its purpose is to introduce you to potential employers, promote what it is you have to offer and entice them into wanting to know more. According to Lauri Harwood, â€Å"a resume is a brief document, typically one or two pages, that details your qualifications for a particular job or job target.†Describe each main section of a rà ©sumà © from the textbook and what should be included in each of these sections: 1) Contact Information 2) Objective 3) Profile 4) Qualifications 5) Work Experience 6) Related Experience 7) Education Contact Information – The header of your rà ©sumà © should include your name, address, phone number, and email address, if you regularly use it. When submitting a paper version of your rà ©sumà ©, it is visually appealing to use a large font fo r your name. Include both a local and permanent address and a phone number so that an employer can easily reach you.This is especially important for graduating students. â€Å"The objective is a concise statement of your immediate employment goal (not your long-term career goal). It is the first section of the resume, immediately below the contact information on the first page. † A job objective statement shows employers the direction you want to go, your work preferences, and serves as a focal point for employers to review and analyze your rà ©sumà ©. It allows employers to immediately identify the kind of position you want.If you are looking for jobs in a number of different fields, you need to have a different job objective for each position. The profile section is a brief statement that describes you by stating your most relevant experience and qualifications. â€Å"Use a profile instead of an objective on your master resume, if you can describe your qualifications wit h a job title (based on your overall experience, not just your current job), use the title as the heading for this section. † The qualifications section is a bulleted list of skills that highlights why you are the ideal candidate for the job.This is the place to put important or interesting information that does not fit anywhere else. With the advance of technology, it is increasingly important to include a section on computer skills. This should include any of your knowledge of computer programs, hardware, software, database knowledge, or Internet functions. If you have any other notable skills, such as foreign languages, musical talents, or writing skills include these here. In the work experience section of a resume, list the jobs you have held, starting with the most recent one.Start each one with the most important information; your job title and dates of employment. On the next line, list the name of the organization and the city and state, starting on the third line wri te a brief oriented description of your responsibilities. You would use the related experience section to highlight other experiences that relates to your job objective. Include activities such as memberships, awards, and leadership positions earned in professional or trade association such as honorary groups, social, service, and school organizations.In the education section you list your education in reverse chronological order (most recent first). List the technical schools, colleges and universities you have attended, the years of attendance, and the degrees or certificates you earned. In this section, include any information about your degrees, including where and when you graduated; dates; major, minor, or concentration; certification; and academic awards and honors. Make sure you use the official names for schools, degrees and majors/minors. I think you should include your GPA if it is an asset.

High School Seniors Essay

Many people believe open lunch should be a privilege extended to seniors who wish to leave the school grounds and adjacent areas during their assigned lunch periods. This privilege is predicated on the belief that students as they enter their final years of high school should be trusted to make mature decisions and act responsibly. Some students wish they could leave only so they could get something to eat other than school food. I understand that not every senior shows the proper maturity and they should be identified and treated accordingly. When it comes to privilages, seniors don’t have many compared to underclassman. Sure, we get a free period as opposed to study hall and a senior skip day, but don’t we deserve more for our twelve years of hard work and effort put into school? Don’t we deserve something that, frankly speaking, makes everyone more aware of our seniority status, something that we can enjoy this year and the other grades can look forward to? That something can be found in probably one of the more controversial topics in high schools, off campus lunches. I understand the school is responsible for us from the time we arrive at school until the time we depart, and being able to have an off campus lunch would mean we are still the school’s responsibility, even though we’re not on campus. However, what if parents were to sign a note stating their child is allowed to leave school during lunch hours and would be their responsibility? If anything was to happen to a student, parents would not have the right to run into school, arms flailing wildly, blaming whomever they can for what happened to their child. But isn’t it time that the school lets us depend on ourselves in making the better decisions, which in this case would be coming back to class in time. We are going to go from being monitored all day long to a college environment where we are the ones to decide what to do. Pupils who fail to meet their responsibility may forfeit the privilege altogether and may be subject to other disciplinary actions. The school should develop rules and regulations that promote compliance with the policy and ensure that only eligible seniors utilize the privilege of open lunch.

As Long as You Love Me

Knowledge is Power. Learning is the most powerful tool in the world. The more you know the better you get along in the world. Unless you have a decent education Jobs will be scarce and you will struggle for the rest of your life trying to make ends meet. You don't have to be rich to survive, but you sure do need your education to stay ahead of the tax man, hunger, and ending up out on the streets of the city. Education is wonderful and with every turn of it you learn something interesting.Wiseacres is an example of how you can help others by what you know, but also learn from others. It keeps your mind active and on the ball As we age (and we all do) unless you keep your mind active you will have a poor quality of life. Knowledge keeps you alive and young. There Is also the knowledge of life. Some people who have never had the opportunity for a fine education can be wiser than the ones that have a good education because they have learned much from life the hard way .Education is wisd om and having an education and closing your eyes and heart around you is the first turn to Ignorance of the mind, Getting paid for better Jobs Having a education will allow you a better chance of getting a Job that pays a above Mullen wage. Many people who are making what Is labeled as PEANUTS Is because the employer is not paying you for what you know, but what you can do physically-youth these days need to know the consequences of not finishing high school. School drops will attend is the Hard School of Knocks.Which is the bad experiences in life that will occur if you don't know. Ignorance which meaner not knowing will occur if you don't stimulate your mind with what's important. To survive you must have knowledge and money. 30th of these equal power. I am not guessing that all educated people are smart, I know many educated people who eave no common sense. There are many who can quote formulas but cannot tell you one thing about LIFE in general. So you need both to survive in th is world. I have always said if you don't live life, life will live you.Go to school. Get your lesson, do your very best. Increase your skills and fertilize your brains. The only useless brain is the one in a Jar. Formal education, together with plenty of work by the student can produce qualifications and credentials that are essential for most types of better paying Jobs. You getting deduction meaner you're getting less salary†¦. Do have a education that you will receive a good job remember their are people with the best education possible and still can't find a better Job than flipping burgers for a life.Its not wrong to think that but there is more to it they think about what college you were n compared to someone else so Just think about It first. It Is very easy to explain Importance of education. No human beings are able to survive properly without education. By the meaner of education only one's potential can be used to make decision. Through education only one can make separate identity. It is most important in life like our basic need foods, clothe and shelter. With the beginning we learnt how to interact with others, how to make friends because of education only.As I remember when my parent's had enrolled my name in school not only I learnt the alphabets and numbers but also I made friends, interacted with them with teachers. With further development you were faced with the sense of competition and desire and other such emotions and feelings, you also learnt to control these emotions and feelings. And also teaches how to act in different situations. Education is not Just stricter teaching a person the basic academics, say computers, mathematics, geography or history education is a much larger term.If you want to find out the impact of education on any individuality, you better do an intense observation to the ways of well-educated people and then compare them with an illiterate man. You would get a clear picture of the education and its accurate concept. Education is one of the important factors which formulate the persona of a person. Education is a productive and beneficial factor in a person's life. It is everyone's right to get. The training of a human mind is not complete without education.Only because of education a man are able to receive information from the external humanity, to notify him with past and receive all essential information concerning the present. When one travels around the world, one observes to what an extraordinary degree human nature is the same, whether in India or Australia, London, Europe or America. Conservative education makes independent thinking extremely complicated. If we are being educated merely to achieve distinction, to get a better Job, to be more efficient, to have wider domination over others, then our lives will be shallow and empty.If we re being educated only to be scientists, to be scholars wedded to books, or specialists addicted to knowledge, then we shall be contributing to the destruction and misery of the world. We may be highly educated, but if we are without meaningful combination of thought and feeling, our lives are incomplete and clashing. Education develops a meaningful outlook on life. The individual are different but to accentuate the differences and to encourage the development of a definite type education is must. Education is not Just a matter of training the mind. Training makes for efficiency, but it does not bring about completeness.Knowledge and efficiency are necessary, which brings up by education. Education should help us to discover lasting values; unfortunately, the present system of education is making us submissive, emotionless and deeply thoughtless. Systems, whether educational or political, are not changed without explanation; they are transformed when there is a fundamental change in ourselves. The individual is of first importance, not the system; and as long as the individual does not understand the total process of himse lf, no system can bring order and peace to the world.

Older People With Stroke Health And Social Care Essay

An estimated 150,000 people have a shot in the UK each twelvemonth ( Scots Stroke Care Audit 2005/2006 ) with a mortality of over 67,000 ( British Heart Foundation, 2005 ) . It is the 3rd most common cause of decease in England and Wales, after bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease ( NHS, 2001 ) .This is in conformity with the study published by World Health Organization stating, â€Å" shot is the 3rd highest cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed states of the universe, instantly following ischaemic bosom disease and malignant diseases ( WHO, 2008 ) .Because shots are common and lead to significant disablement and ill-health, a big proportion of the NHS budget is spent on handling people who have suffered a shot. The direct cost of shot to the NHS is estimated to be ?2.8 billion. The cost to the wider economic system is ?1.8 billion ( NHS, 2001 ) .Thus a needs appraisal of this population group might assist understand the elaboratenesss of this issue. This assignment aims at giving a brief history of the factors act uponing the wellness of people who have suffered shot and farther program and warrant a wellness needs appraisal for the same. It will besides try to supply a critical analysis of a relevant wellness policy and its impact on the affected population.Stroke: Definition and Hazard FactorsThe World Health Organization defines stroke as â€Å" a status caused by the break of the blood supply to the encephalon, normally because a blood vas explosions or is blocked by a coagulum. This cuts off the supply of O and foods, doing harm to the encephalon tissue † . The effects of a shot depends on which portion of the encephalon is injured and how severely it is affected. A really terrible shot can do sudden decease ( WHO, 2008 ) . Assorted physiologic and medical conditions can precipitate shot. The hazard factors can be categorised into biological, environmental, socioeconomic and behavioral. There is frequently an interplay of two or more factors that property to morbidity.Biological:These include age, gender and familial sensitivity. The individual most of import factor that increases the opportunities of shot threefold is the age of the person ( Fisher, 2001 ) .AgePeoples most at hazard for shot are older grownups, peculiarly those with high blood force per unit area, who are sedentary, fleshy, fume, or have diabetes. Incidence rises exponentially with age and bulk of them occur in individuals older than 65 old ages ( Fisher, 2001 ) . Wolfe, Rudd & A ; Beech ( 1996 ) states that the hazard of shot doubles with each consecutive decennary over the age of 55. Older age is besides linked with higher rates of post-stroke dementedness.GenderIn most age groups except older grownups, shot is more common in work fo rces than in adult females. However, it kills more adult females than work forces, irrespective of cultural groups ( Fisher, 2001 ) . This may be partially due to the fact that adult females tend to populate longer than work forces, and shot is more common among older grownups. Women history for approximately 6 in 10 shot deceases ( NHS, 2001 ) .Race and EthnicityIn every bit diverse a population in England and Wales, the minority population, particularly those belonging to the African and South Asian beginning, face a significantly higher hazard for shot and decease from shot than the English ( Wolfe, 1996 ) . They besides have a higher prevalence of fleshiness, diabetes, and high blood pressure than other groups. However, surveies suggest that socioeconomic factors besides affect these differences.Lifestyle FactorsSmoke: A Peoples who smoke a battalion a twenty-four hours have about two and a half times the hazard for shot as nonsmokers. Smoke additions both hemorrhagic and ischae mic shot hazard ( Wolfe, 1996 ) . The hazard for shot may stay elevated for every bit long as 14 old ages after discontinuing, hence an earlier quit is recommended ( NHS, 2001 ) . Diet: Unhealthy diet ( saturated fat, high Na ) can lend to bosom disease, high blood force per unit area, and fleshiness, which are all hazard factors for shot ( Winter, 2001 ) . Physical Inaction: Lack of regular exercising can increase the hazard of fleshiness, diabetes, and hapless circulation, which increase the hazard of shot. Alcohol and Drug Abuse: Alcohol maltreatment, including orgy imbibing, increases the hazard of shot. Drug maltreatment, peculiarly with cocaine or Methedrine, is a major factor of shot in immature grownups. Anabolic steroids, used for body-building and athleticss sweetening, besides increase shot hazard.Heart and Vascular DiseasesHeart disease and shot are closely tied for many grounds. Peoples who have one bosom or vascular status ( high blood force per unit area, high cholesterin, bosom disease, diabetes, peripheral arteria disease ) are at increased hazard for developing other related conditions ( British Heart Foundation, 2005 ) . High Blood Pressure. High blood force per unit area ( high blood pressure ) contributes to about 70 % of all shots. Hypertensive people have up to 10 times the normal hazard of shot, depending on the badness of the blood force per unit area in the presence of other hazard factors. High blood pressure is besides an of import cause of alleged soundless intellectual infarcts, or obstructions, in the blood vass in the encephalon ( mini-strokes ) that may foretell major shot. Controling blood force per unit area is highly of import for stroke bar. A meta-analysis of nine prospective surveies, including 420,000 persons followed for 10 old ages, found that shot hazard increased by 46 % for every 7.5-mm Hg addition in diastolic blood force per unit area ( Fisher,2001 ) . Atrial Fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation, a major hazard factor for shot, is a bosom beat upset in which the atria ( the upper Chamberss in the bosom ) beat really rapidly and nonrhythmically ( British Heart Foundation, 2005 ) . Between 2 – 4 % of patients with atrial fibrillation without any history of TIA or shot will hold an ischaemic shot over the class of the twelvemonth. Of those with atrial fibrillation, the hazard by and large is highest in those older than age 75, with bosom failure or hypertrophied bosom, coronary arteria disease, history of coagulums, diabetes, or bosom valve abnormalcies ( Winter, 2001 ) .DiabetessHeart disease and shot are the prima causes of decease in people with diabetes. Diabetes is 2nd merely to high blood force per unit area as the chief hazard factor for shot. The hazard is highest for grownups freshly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and patients with diabetes who are younger than age 55. African americans with diabetes are at even higher ha zard for shot at a younger age ( Wolfe, 1996 ) . Diabetes is a peculiarly strong hazard factor for ischaemic shot, possibly because of attach toing hazard factors, such as fleshiness and high blood force per unit area.Fleshiness and Metabolic SyndromeFleshiness may increase the hazard for both ischaemic and haemorrhagic shot independently of other hazard factors that frequently co-exist with extra weight, including diabetes, high blood force per unit area, and unhealthy cholesterin degree ( Winter, 2001 ) . Weight that is centered around the venters ( the alleged apple form ) has a peculiarly high association with shot, as it does for bosom disease, in comparing to burden distributed around hips ( pear-shape ) . Stroke being a syndromic unwellness, the wellness demands of those at hazard and station shot subsisters are varied and need due consideration.Health Needs Assessment in Stroke SurvivorsHealth demands appraisal harmonizing to the NHS wellness demands assessment workbook is a systematic reappraisal of the wellness issues confronting a population taking to hold precedences and resource allotment that will better wellness and cut down inequalities. This ensures that any action taken minimises harm to wellness, and may better it for those with the most to derive. In peculiar, shot is a taking cause of grownup disablement ( Raina, 1998 ) . The flight of attention for shot is of sudden oncoming, acute infirmary attention followed by rehabilitation and return to community populating. Of new shot subsisters, an estimated 56 % go straight home after acute attention, 32 % go to inpatient rehabilitation, and 11 % go to long-run attention installations ( NHS, 2001 ) . Stroke subsisters returning to the community frequently have troubles executing every twenty-four hours activities like dressing, eating, and mobility that can last good into the first twelvemonth post-stroke ( Mayo, 2002 ) . It is besides normally associated with cognitive alterations ( e.g. , 26.3 % of ischaemic shot subsisters are diagnosed with dementedness ( Desmond, 2000 ) ) . Caregivers provide indispensable support to these persons when they return place with changing degrees of physical and cognitive trouble. The appraisal of wellness demands, involves a combination of epidemiological appraisal of disease prevalence, the rating of the effectivity of intervention and attention options, and their comparative costs and effectivity, analysis of bing activity and resource informations, and application of this cognition to populations ( Bowling, 2009 ) . Therefore harmonizing to pallant ( 2002 ) it is of import to place the ‘needs ‘ non ‘wants ‘ so as to accomplish mensurable betterment from an intercession. As this involves clip and attempts and consequences in considerable long term benefits for those who undertake it and for the population assessed. Hence it has attracted the involvement of policy shapers, wellness economic expert and wellness professionals to fulfill single and population demands to optimise resource use ( Lari & A ; Gari, 2005 ) . In the present context the purpose of wellness demands appraisal for shot is to take down the incidence of shot, directe d at cut downing smoke, cut downing socio-economic want, take downing blood force per unit area and promoting healthy life styles ( Stevens, et al. , 2004 ) Therefore the wellness demands of shot subsisters during assorted stages of their station stroke recovery period as discovered in the literature are summarized as followsBiological facetBiological pathology of post-stroke is neuromuscular map damage which flexible joint on the lesion country on the encephalon. Undoubtedly, sensory-motor appraisal such as ocular field defects, vesica in dysphasia, centripetal damage and musculus power failing ( Klara, 2006 ) . Besides, motor palsy is still a major job in shot status that presents a failing on the affected side peculiarly upper and lower appendages, due to miss of musculus tone coevals and instability of nervus urge from intellectual cerebral mantle which leads to flabbiness and spasticity ( Fawcus, 2000 ) . Therefore in order to measure station shot direction and attention, usage of a assortment of standardised trials before physical rehabilitation preparation can assist to measure the general and specific demands of the patients. For illustration, the Modified Ashworth Scale ( MAS ) can measure musculus spasticity, the Medical Research Council Motor Power Score ( MRC-MPS ) can mensurate motor power and strength of stray group of musculus and Likert-type graduated tables use to number pain status ( Fasoli et al. 2004 ) . In add-on, the Barthel Index can measure functional accomplishments of activity of day-to-day life ( Shah et al. 1989 ) . These instruments and curative modes can measure the accurate physical status and abilities of the shot subsister and assist execute strategic program for his rehabilitation.Physical facetsAfter the stabilisation of the patients medical status the clinical accent is on fixing the patients to return place. The most of import physical competence to be monitored in the shot subsisters by the wellness professionals at this phase are related to activity of day-to-day life ( ADL accomplishments ) . As Gresham ( 1986 ) suggests â€Å" independency in ADL will go on to be a suited trademark of physical Restoration † . Therefore the facets that need consideration include instruction and preparation of shot subsisters and attention givers to assist them safely execute the activity of day-to-day life and accommodate the preparation received in the infirmary to the place environment. For illustration, in the place environment bathrooms may be smaller, hallways may be narrower, rugs may be hard to pull off, and stepss may be hard to negociate. The sudden passage to the place with an absence of wellness professionals with whom to confer with as needed may besides do health professionals dying. As a consequence, health professionals may necessitate advice from equals and/or wellness attention professionals on how to pull off the attent ion receivers ‘ assorted demands ( Cameroon & A ; Gignac, 2008 ) . They may necessitate extra preparation, and they may necessitate extra emotional support to turn to frights and anxiousness associated with get downing to supply attention in the community.Emotional and demandsStroke subsisters need continued pattern and support in their activities of day-to-day life and would profit from the chance to prove their accomplishments in the place environment under the supervising of rehabilitation professionals and/or nurses ( Pallant, 2002 ) . These professionals could measure and supply feedback about their functioning ability with the purpose of heightening shot subsisters ‘ accomplishments and assurance. Emotionally, stroke subsisters need support from societal workers and/or household and friends to pull off their climb anxiousness and uncertainness about their accomplishments and competency in the community ( Cameroon & A ; Gignac, 2008 ) . The types of resources includ e entree to community attention bureaus, ongoing rehabilitation, and support groups.Behavioural demandsThe first and first precedence in station shot rehabilitation is to command the modifiable hazard factors in shot subsisters. Several modifiable hazard factors that contribute to development and patterned advance of shot include high blood pressure, coffin nail smoke, diabetes mellitus, inordinate intoxicant ingestion, deficiency of physical activity, dietetic and hyper-cholesterolaemia ( Gariballa, 2004 ) . Multidisciplinary squad attack non merely helps in bar but besides to place the susceptible population at hazard. It is the primary wellness attention squad including clinical administration who leads the squad ( Pallant, 2002 ) . Surveies have shown that high blood pressure is the individual most attributable factor for shot. Smokers are at three fold hazard of shot when compared with non- tobacco users and 10 fold hazards when in combination with raised systolic blood force p er unit area ( Wolfe, Rudd & A ; Beech, 1996 ) . Diabetes histories for 10-20 % of all shots whereas epidemiological surveies have confounded that intoxicant ingestion has direct dose dependent consequence ( Lindley,2008 ) . Thus patients and care giver reding in bettering the life style related factors and regular monitoring of the patients during station shot rehabilitation is compulsory for long term benefits. However in order to do the life of the station shot subsisters and the attention givers more comfy appropriate policies and their execution should be the highest precedence of the authorities and the Department of Health. Policy analysis in post-stroke from National Stroke Strategy [ version 2008 ] ( Department of Health, 2008 ) From the information available, the national shot scheme tried to give informations, advice and support for clear and easy execution of intervention program. This policy provides chance for shot subsisters to take part and show their wellness demands. Besides, this persuades all institutional services of shot to fix pertinent information and wellness support into the system service to assist people entree information and attention easy. For case, if stroke subsisters need to alter service and intervention, health care squad should explicate factual information and reassign them to the right modes by happening an accurate therapy to back up them. Furthermore, if there is a voluntary organisation service to function nearby shot patients place, wellness professionals should rede them to promote joint activity in their society. Conclusively, this steering rule explores people ‘s demand and unfastened people to feed back information on shot service property. The kernel of affecting people in developing service and intervention programme lies in the policy shapers ‘ position to integrate shot subsisters and carers in determination devising for development of strategic program, concentrate direction, bringing and examination of appropriate service, to supply particular tools and assistive support in instance of badness. The strength of this shot policy is apparent from the relevant points and accent on the measure by measure sequencing of services sing of import concerns. Besides, guideline form has highlighted the cardinal words that refer to reading awareness including consistence of sketch picture which is easy to capture in perceptual context and comprehension. However, there are a few failings of enlightening system that can non explicate the inside informations of farther information if people need to read in-depth and can non demo the characteristic of voluntary organisation for connexion of services.Analyze how to function li fe after shot, appraisal and rehabilitationHaving completed basic shot intervention, the life after shot demands to be evaluated with an aim for supplying a good quality of life and design services for people who have had a shot and are supported to populate with independency with possible handiness of resources at their place and environment. The policy aims at shot subsisters and relatives demand of high-quality rehabilitation preparation and medical support in order to advance better movement/mobility in day-to- twenty-four hours life, self hygiene and cookery, equal communicative accomplishments, distress/depression direction job work outing ability and sexual behavioral apprehension. The outstanding Information can assist many readers and health care suppliers to recognize and understand the overview of shot patients. All health care professionals should follow this guideline on rehabilitation by concentrating on single patient demands and differing demands of some cultural groups depending on their civilization and belief in environmental society. In add-on, the program of scheme has underlined the end-of-life attention by sing terrible shot subsisters who seem non to acquire better and assist them fall in the right service programme with the right health professional such as particular attention and demands, pick of topographic point of decease and appraisal of the satisfaction of patient ‘s relations about the end-of-life attention. Therefore, the life after shot policy is to separate, to follow and picture the of import functions of health care squad but which can non see the booby traps of service procedure. If the action program can be manipulated, harmonizing to the patient demand from the infirmary to stroke ‘s place and community, the terminal consequence will decidedly be muc h better.Analyse the procedure of wellness service in long-run attention supportIn order to analyze the policy service system of shot, the shot scheme has to be formulated to ease easy-to-access services and to have attendant service from interdisciplinary squad for long-run demands of shot subsisters. Outstandingly, proviso of long-run attention is indispensable and has become a portion of wellness publicity because post-stroke pathology is different in each patient that needs to be rehabilitated in different mode intercession programmes. However, this policy of long-run attention support is hard to pull off a scope of different rehabilitations because the activity involves assorted dimensions and a combination of installations for different shot instances and therefore hard to run into the complex societal attention demands. Apart from this, the shot policy provides merely an overview of immediate direction and does non explicate how to put the long-run attention and support for shot subsisters. Although the long- term attention procedure can take to a better quality of life after shot, there are many factors that need to be planned, particularly related to the single shot status. The counsel should be planned and made elusive in footings of mild, moderate and terrible shot in long-run attention and support which is necessary for contemplation of different short and long term ends to be achieved in rehabilitation preparation. However, the policy services simply shows people ‘s demands appraisal and do non depict the effectual planning that meets single demands peculiarly related to long term attention and hence should be considered consequently to the degree of stroke status to place specific societal attention demands, including the intent of longer-term follow-up with rating in multispectral collaborative services.Discuss place alteration, return to work and community engagementTo better the quality of life in post-stroke environment, the shot policy shapers provide merely with a model for accommodating the place to be compatible with patient ‘s demands for him/her to be independent but do non give inside informations of commissariats for day-to-day life activities. The conceptual scheme has illustrated general demand of services for transit and lodging direction by chew overing over lodging demands related to version and alteration but does non analyze specific factors that may hold both positive and negative impact on the development of post-stroke accomplishments every bit good as tha t may blockade independency in functional ability at their places. However, there are no inside informations of place alterations that are compulsory in sample such as slope country, stairway, lavatory, bed room and kitchen.DecisionFrom the above it is clear that the load of disease due to stroke and the its impact during the recovery period deeply affects the life of the subsister. The high incidence and prevalence of disease make it necessary to implement appropriate steps to forestall first of all time and perennial shots. Furthermore a well planned rehabilitation of the shot subsisters is critical for improved forecast. Conclusively an appraisal of the wellness demands of this population group can be used to optimise wellness attention services and installations in the best involvement of the subsisters. This can besides be used by the policymakers in bettering the relevant commissariats in run intoing the wellness demands of the deprived. Word count: 3352