The Crucible Essays (923 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible Essays (923 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible The Crucible The Crucible composed by Arthur Miller is a play that happens in the sixteen nineties during the well known yet disastrous witch preliminaries. The whole network is in anarchy yet certain characters are too battling inner clashes of their own. Mill operator utilizes three characters who show this inner fight plainly. For example, Mary Warren who entire character flips around, John Proctor who thinks about between the significance of his family and his own name and Reverend Sound who fights with himself wether to complete his activity necessities or on the other hand do what he knows is correct. Mary Warren is a young lady who is constrained with this internal disturbance all through this play. At the start of the play she is seen to be a bashful young lady who will never express her real thoughts as indicated when Proctor sends her home and she reacts with I'm simply returning home (21). As the play proceeds and as she is impacted by Abigail, Mary starts to break this self incited form and does what she needs. Mary Warren, alongside numerous different young ladies becomes involved with the publicity of getting all the consideration and practicing power through starting and resolutely proceeding these witch preliminaries. At last John Proctor, the realist, shows that when individuals like Rebecca Nurse and Elizabeth Delegate who are the saintliest of individuals are blamed for being witches, something must not be right. Mary Warren has a troublesome choice to make. She has understood that her entire lifestyle has been founded on bad form. Nonetheless, how might she remove herself from Abigail and her companions, also her new sentiments of certainty. Mary chooses to take a stand in opposition to Abigail and the others for their bogus allegations and said that she attempted to kill me various times(57). However as she does this chivalrous demonstration of conquering her old reality, Abigail imagines that Mary is likewise a witch utilizing the poppets against her(73). Mary is presently confronted with one more overwhelming inward clash: to do what she knows is correct and likely pass on for it, or to come back to her old ways. Mary surrenders to Abigails spellbinding and blames John Delegate of compelling her to lie. Plainly the fight which Mary confronted from the earliest starting point was gigantic. John Proctor a rancher and town normal person comparably is confronted with an internal disturbance. He has submitted infidelity and had positively no goals of participating in the witch preliminaries except if hello pregnant spouse were to likewise get included. After his better half got included and in the long run was set free because of the way that she was pregnant feels that he can't acknowledge this. Delegate is a decent and respectable man and on account of this he accepts from the outset he can't be hanged and pass on a saint when he has this sin blossoming over him each waking second . John later says to Elizabeth that My genuineness is bankrupt, Elizabeth; I am nothing but bad man. Nothing's ruined by giving them this falsehood that were not spoiled long before(136) and rather admit then kick the bucket for something he level out didn't do. In any case, as John admits, he can not permit Danforth to make it authoritatively archived. As Danforth asks him for what valid reason John answers with a cry on the grounds that it is my name. Since I can't have another in my life . . . How may I live without my name? Have given you my spirit; leave me my name(143). John feels firmly about having a decent name also, not passing on with a terrible one. Delegate weighs the two sides of his inward clash and understands that he should not commit another error. He subsequently, endorses himself to death, not for the good of his own, however Or maybe for the others. As John bites the dust Liz sobs saying He have his decency now. God prohibit I take it away(145). Another inside clash is obvious in Reverend Hale who starts these issues. From the start Reverend Hale makes certain about his conviction that there are witches and feels that he is doing the wants of G-D himself. However as the play proceeds onward and Hale sees all these legitimate and great individuals being condemned and executed he

Easy Essay Topics For High School Students

Easy Essay Topics For High School StudentsYou might have already found out that it is time to write an essay but you do not know what essay topics to use for your project. You have the same difficulty of writing an essay as the next person; it can take a lot of time and effort to write something worth reading and as a result, you are probably thinking about ways on how to improve the quality of your writing. There are easy essay topics for high school students that you can use to your advantage so that you can make a lasting impression on your teacher.One of the things that you should know about essay topics is that you will need to go over each topic one by one and determine whether or not you really understand all of the parts of the essay. The key thing is to get everything straight before you can try to write the essay.When you go through easy essay topics for high school students, you will be able to see if you are able to handle each part of the essay that is presented to you. Once you get a feel for the different parts of the essays, you will have a better idea of what you should focus on and you will be able to come up with different questions and answer them in a more systematic way.You will want to read a couple of easy essay topics for high school students before you begin writing the essay. It will also help to take notes so that you will not forget anything important that you may need to review later on. The tips that you will learn from this approach will help you when you start writing the essay.One of the first tips that you will be given in easy essay topics for high school students is to use as much correct sentence structure as possible. All of the words should flow well together, as well as having a solid thesis statement to tie the whole essay together.It is important to remember that you can discuss things like these in an organized manner so that you will be able to explain your main idea in a very coherent manner. After you have finished reading, you will be able to remember it more easily because you will have a good idea of what you were trying to say.Remember that essay topics for high school students are just as important as the content itself. You will need to ensure that your writing is as appealing to the reader as possible, and that is where good sentence structure comes into play.Easy essay topics for high school students are a great way to prepare for the writing process because they will give you a chance to practice writing and taking notes at the same time. If you would like to improve your writing skills and really learn how to make an impressive essay that stands out above others, try using these easy essay topics for high school students.

Marissa Giannetto 2016 Best and Brightest

Marissa Giannetto: 2016 Best and Brightest by: Jeff Schmitt on December 07, 2015 | 0 Comments Comments 1,831 Views December 7, 2015Marissa GiannettoBoston College, Carroll School of ManagementHometown: Northborough, MAHigh School: Algonquin Regional High SchoolMajor: Management, concentrations in Finance and AccountingMinor: International StudiesFavorite Business Courses: Operations Strategy Consulting, Basic Finance, Financial Accounting Standards Theory IIExtracurricular Activities, Community Work and Leadership Roles During College: Vice President of Consult Your Community, Portico Teaching Assistant, Peer Career Advisor, Undergraduate Research Assistant, Big Sister, Dean’s List First HonorsWhere have you interned during your college career?Ameriprise Financial Hopkinton, MA Financial Planning Intern (Freshmen and Sophomore summers)Deloitte Boston, MA Advisory Intern (Junior summer)World Computer Exchange Hull, MA Sales/Research Intern (Junior summer)Describe y our dream job: I am really excited to enter the consulting field of helping companies to design strategies for growth and long-term success. I want to get immersed in as many different projects as I can starting out to understand a variety of industries and project work. My ultimate goal is to be a part of social impact work, which may be through consulting for nonprofits or impact investing. I want to be able to utilize my business skills to then give back to the community in some way.What did you enjoy most about majoring in a business-related field? I loved being able to apply everything that I learned in the academic setting to something in the real world. All of my business classes brought in current events, guest speakers, and real life cases studies that made the learning experience engaging and I could see the practicality of what I was learning.Where would you like to work after graduation?  I will be working at Deloitte Consulting as a Strategy Operations Business Analy st.What are your long-term professional goals? I plan to start out in strategy consulting, get my MBA in a few years, and potentially work internationally at some point. Eventually, I would like to work in social enterprise or nonprofit management.â€Å"I knew I wanted to major in business when†¦ I had the opportunity to take business classes in my high school and participated in the DECA case competitions. I loved learning about businesses and applying what I learned in the business strategy case competitions.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If I didn’t major in business, I would be†¦an International Studies major, with a journalism or English minor. I always thought I would be a writer, and had the dream job of becoming a travel journalist. One of my favorite books, Around the World in Fifty Years by Albert Podell, has been an inspiration for exploring new places and I had thought I would follow that path. I know studying business was the right path for me, though, as I have lo ved learning about how companies operate in a globalizing world and I am excited to fulfill my thirst for adventure through traveling with my job.What was the happiest moment of your life? I think one of my happiest moments was hiking to a mountain peak in the Pyrenees mountains in Spain. While it was a long and challenging hike that took all day to get to the top, I had never seen something so beautiful. It was truly a rewarding experience to do with the group of friends that I was traveling with.Which academic or personal achievement are you most proud of? I am most proud of a community awareness event I hosted for the nonprofit Birthday Wishes in order to increase donations. It was my first experience in event planning, and I felt accomplished when the final event came together successfully after months of planning. It was challenging to coordinate, but it could not have been a better outcome in seeing the impact I was able to have on an organization I cared so much about.What an imal would you choose to represent your professional brand? I would choose a dog because they are known for loyalty and forming strong relationship bonds which I think are important qualities to have.Who would you most want to thank for your success? I would undoubtedly thank my parents first and foremost since they have been incredibly supportive and always provide me with insightful advice.Fun fact about yourself: I have travelled to 16 different countries.Favorite book: The Camel Club series by David BaldacciFavorite movie: The Bourne TrilogyFavorite musical performer: U2Favorite vacation spot: My family’s lake house in New Hampshire.What are your hobbies? Skiing, hiking, exploring new placesWhat made Marissa such an invaluable addition to the Class of 2016? â€Å"When recruiters are asked why they recruit at Boston College, the most common initial response is that BC students are well-rounded. I can think of no student who better exemplifies this than Marissa. She has do ne very well academically, while studying finance and accounting with a minor in international studies. She studied at University College Dublin in the fall of her junior year, exploring courses in culture and art as well as business and management. Outside of the classroom, she has been a peer advisor in the Career Center and helped start an organization called â€Å"Consult Your Community,† in which Boston College students consult area businesses in need. She has worked with neighborhood bodegas as well as non-profits in need of management consulting. Her training as a peer advisor in the Career Center has caught notice as well. Often, when faculty and administrators need a student to mentor another (whether it be a resume critique, interview prep, or just general career advice) Marissa is the first person called upon. And she does it all with great humility and calm. Despite being incredibly motivated and hard-working, Marissa always displays an air of calm. Her accounting professor, Amy LaCombe, describes here as dedicated and steady. According to Amy, â€Å"Marissa has such a calm and mature nature, as well as a critical eye. She understands the big picture and is willing to do the little things to achieve success. And, she is so disciplined in the day-to-day tasks.† In summary, Marissa has earned enormous respect from faculty and administrators at Boston College. She has experienced much, helped many, and has always done so without the need for recognition. She has been the highest of achievers due to her work ethic and her ability to always be the most prepared person in the room. Yet, she carries herself with a calm, a grace, and a humility that elevates all around her. She truly exemplifies Boston College’s motto of â€Å"Ever to Excel.†Ethan Sullivan Assistant Dean for Undergraduate Curriculum and Director of the Honors Program Boston College,  Carroll School of Management Page 1 of 11

The End Of Easy Everything - 1024 Words

Bernard C. Hilton GLBAFF 301 OL Bernard Hilton Robert Weiner February 20, 2016 UMS ID: 00762747 The End of Easy Everything One of the major issues in global affairs today consists of the supply of energy and other minerals and commodities. Michael Klare in â€Å"The End of Easy Everything† argues that the transformation from an effortless to a more resilient resource period will be expensive. Looking at the state of the supply of energy oil and natural gas today, I tend to agree with the findings as presented by Michael Klare. Klare explores contentious issues in which easily obtained supplies are terminating. Particularly, companies that deal in such resources must turn to the more difficult methods to extract sources of oil, natural gas, and various minerals. This has led to controversial methods such as deep-water oil wells, hydrofracking for natural gas and other energy sources. Also, the acid fracking for copper: which some environmentalists maintain that these methods cause environmental damage and should not be permitted. Klare argues that discovery of a natural resource, for instance, oil, result to producers seeking and exploiting the most desirable, best quality and those closest to markets. Over time, these resources become scarce, of poorer quality, harder to extract and extend into the further away area from the market hence need for discovery of other means of obtaining the resource. These means may cause several problems, which may include; †¢ Changing to otherShow MoreRelatedThe End Of Easy Everything1052 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the major issues in global affairs today consists of the supply of energy and other minerals and commodities. Michael Klare in â€Å"The End of Easy Everything† argues that the transformation from an effortless to a more resilient resource period will be financially, environmentally, socially, and politically costly. Looking at the state of the supply of energy oil and natural gas today, I tend to agree with the findings as presented by Michael Klare. Klare explores contentious issues in whichRead MoreGraduation Speech : Becoming A College Student862 Words   |  4 Pagesthe support of my family boosting up my self-esteem helped me make it through my freshman year of college. Life is like a rollercoaster you experience many ups and downs but in the end it’s worth the ride. Becoming a college student has been a different experience than what I had in mind, you learn how to do everything on your own and putting your part into it. If you don’t do your best it’s going to be a waste of money and semester. Money is a big important thing in college, back then you didn’tRead MoreFriendship and Enmity736 Words   |  3 Pageslines I was angry with my friend , I told my wrath my wrath did end which means that and shows that it is very easy to end your problems with your friends and it is very easy to say sorry and tolerate each other and everything returns again as it was. That is the relation that anyone deserves . Being friends is much easier, to work together and learn how to love each other and build our relationships on peace. As a result everything will run steadily and the community will develop. After only twoRead MoreStand Your Ground821 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant message in life. Nothing worth having comes easy but you should never give up. In William Shakespeares most famous play, Romeo and Juliet, two teenagers who fall deeply in love find that their parents acceptance does not come easy and suffer tremendously. Romeo and Juliets love is constantly challenged by the rivalry, Tybalts temper, Juliets arranged marriage, and Romeo being a murderer. Being together is not an easy task once everything turns against them, even destiny itself. Friar LawrenceRead MoreSomeone Who Has Influenced My Life1200 Words   |  5 Pagesold. I admire and respect my father for everything he has does and has done. I work hard at everything I do for the greatest reward at the end of all my accomplishments is making my father proud. In conclusion, I am daddys little girl and proud of that. I could not of asked for a better father. My dad has always been there for me and I wil always be there for him. I respect my father because he deserves to be. He stayed and was a father and never took the easy way out like in the world today mostRead MoreOvercoming Adversity Analysis852 Words   |  4 Pagesdoing are sent to a prison, Brett Dalton is the main character from the book Raw written by Scott Monk, â€Å" Brett is a tough guy - hardened, angry, uncaring and always ready to use his fists† Bretts natural thought is to try to fight his way through everything and anything, but when love comes in the way Brett is faced to think otherwise. Andy Dufresne, on the other hand, is an innocent man who is faced with two life sentences, for being wrongly accessed of killing his wife. Although he is faced withRead MoreEnglish Should Be Ficial Language Of The United States1303 Words   |  6 Pages(Grovum). The majority of the states have agreed to this law meaning most people in the states know English or are learning it immediately if they are immigrants coming in. Immigrants in other states don’t necessarily have to learn the language so many end up not learning it keeping the nation divided. Although these states have made the law official some states just see it as symbolic and do not fully follow the law (Grovum). With the laws not being followed immigrants are encouraged to learn EnglishRead MoreEnglish Should Be Ficial Language Of The United States1303 Words   |  6 Pages(Grovum). The majority of the states have agreed to this law meaning most people in the states know english or are learning it immediately if they are immigrants coming in. Immigrants in other states don’t necessarily have to learn the language so many end up not learning it keeping the nation divided. Although these states have made the law official some states just see it as symbolic and do not fully foll ow the law (Grovum). With the laws not being followed immigrants are encouraged to learn englishRead MoreEvolution Of Jerome By Jerome. Jerome1615 Words   |  7 Pagesreally get connected to Jerome. Despite obviously being the main character as well, he was in the background so much that it was easy to get caught up in Vincent’s character. As the story line progresses Jerome’s role becomes much more important, undeterred by many of his actions still being behind the scenes. As the story becomes increasingly focuses on Jerome it is very easy to sympathize; viewers start to notice him more because as tragic as his life has become, but he still chooses to take selflessRead MoreTime Management From The Inside Out1677 Words   |  7 Pagesdoing in the future, because things may come up and cannot deal with it. Some people usually miss their deadline and go insane because of that. From that angry, they put it to their daily lives and cannot control in any situation. At th e end, they lose everything that they have built for a long time and cannot bring them back on track. That’s why this book â€Å"Time Management from the Inside Out† by Julie Morgenstern has become a handy, because it shows you the way to manage time and how to deal with

Classical Criminology Essay - 1093 Words

Classical Criminology The classical school of criminology was around in the eighteenth century. It came abount in a time when the previous dominent spiritual look at defining crime and criminal behaviour was being challenged by a newer naturalistic approach of the social contract theorists. The classical school was the established ideas of monarchs, fedual lords and the fathers of the church. The main pioneers of the classical school were Cesar Beccaria ( 1738-1974) from Italy and Jeremy Bantham from Britain (1948-1832). From them writing their theories in the eighteenth century they established the essential components of the rational actor model. They both shared the idea that crime and†¦show more content†¦They believed that each one of us is a potential criminal, and that crime provides a short cut way to getting what we need. Responsibility- the classical school believed that if we do something wrong or do something at the expence of someone we should be able to own up and take responsibilty for our own actions. Also they believed that punishment was a good way to show potential offenders what would happen to them if they behaved in a criminal way. They believed that anyone who breaks the law should be punished to pay the price. They thought that the crime and he punishment must be linked. They believed that the punishment should be in proportian to the crime in order for the offender to think about what he has done. for example, if someone is caught steeling 3000 pounds, then he should be made to pay back 4000 pound fine back. Or stay in prison for the same ammount of time that the person would have taken to earn the 3000 pounds. Cesear Beccaria believed that there should be a fixed punishment for crimes written into the law and not be changed. He believed that all people should be trated equally and the punishments should not be changed from person to person. His theory can be summerised into the following 13 propositions (taken from an 2nd edition introduction into criminogical theory by Roger Hopkins Burke). 1) In order to escape social chaos, each member of sociey must sacrificeShow MoreRelatedClassical Criminology And Modern Criminology1412 Words   |  6 PagesClassical criminology is â€Å"usually seen as the first â⠂¬Ëœreal’ criminology† (Tierney,2009), due to its emergence in the eighteenth century, heralded by scholars Jeremey Bentham and Cesare de Beccaria. It is centred on the ‘act’ rather than the ‘offender’, as well as the use of punishment as a deterrence. Yet whilst classical criminology has evolved slightly over time, it’s narrow minded focus on the ‘offence’ rather than the ‘offender’ can result in the overlooking of crucial details that may haveRead MoreClassical Vs. Classical Criminology989 Words   |  4 PagesThe classical criminology school is arguably a controversial phenomena; largely based on their neglect to acknowledge human behaviour as a cause of crime (Morrison 1995). This has led some researchers to argue that classical criminology cannot be considered as a science (Garland 1985). Further, researchers have, however, disputed these claims, arguing that the research provided by classical criminolo gists is useful and has provided a gateway for many criminal justice reforms. In light of this, thisRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology935 Words   |  4 Pagesprinciples of the Classical School of Criminology? The major principles in the Classical School of Criminology are that humans are rational and that our behavior comes from free will, and our human behavior is derived from pain and pleasure. To deter criminal’s punishment is necessary, which may set an example for others. As well as crime prevention should be implemented with quick regulated punishment for violations of the law. What were some forerunners of classical thought in criminology? Some forerunnersRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology996 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Classical School of Criminology was established. The Classical School of Criminology was founded by Cesare de Baccaria and Jeremy Bentham. The Classical School of Criminology has played a very important role in implementing changes to the criminal punishment system. One of the most significant features of the Classical School of Criminology is its stress on the person as a human being who is competent enough to calculate whether or not they will commit a crime (Lilly, 2011). The Classical SchoolRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1216 Words   |  5 Pagesschools of that are Classical Theory and Biological/Positivist Theory. These theories contain insights to why people commit crimes and the most effective way to deal with these individuals and eventually reduce the crime rate. This paper will discuss how these schools of thought compare to each other, the Christian Worldview and to United States current criminal justice system. The first step to compare these theories is to better understand them. The Classical School of Criminology â€Å"refers to an approachRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1485 Words   |  6 Pages1. Answer the following with respect to classical school of criminology: A. Discuss the historical context of the origins (emergence) of this perspective.   When did it arise?   Was it a response to any previous perspectives? The classical school of criminology is foundationally based upon the history of crime and punishment. Throughout history, crime was dealt with in an extremely harsh and inhumane manner. Criminals and suspected criminals were quartered, burnt at the stake, tortured, and subjectedRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1174 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Enlightenment period, Cesare Beccaria developed the Classical School of Criminology with help from philosopher Jeremy Bentham. With the similar philosophies of Beccaria and Bentham, the classical theory of criminology was then developed, creating a strict and proportional criminal justice system. Deriving from the Rational Choice Theory, the classical theory of criminology states that rational behavior can be controlled in order to deter criminal activity. This idea comes from the thoughtRead MoreClassical Theory in Criminology1753 Words   |  8 PagesClassical School Classical theory in criminology has its roots in the theories of the 18th century Italian nobleman and economist, Cesare Beccaria and the English philosopher, Jeremy Bentham (Hollin, 2004, 2). It was based on principles of utilitarian philosophy. Cesare Beccaria, author of On Crimes and Punishments (1763–64), Jeremy Bentham, inventor of the panopticon, and other classical school philosophers based their arguments as follows, (1) People have free will to choose how to act (2) DeterrenceRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1327 Words   |  6 Pagesthought are Classical Theory and Biological/Positivist Theory. These theories contain insights into why people commit crimes and the most effective way to deal with these individuals and eventually reduce the crime rate. This paper will discuss how these schools of thought compare to each other, the Christian Worldview and to United States current criminal justice system. The first step to compare these theories is to develop an understanding of them. The Classical School of Criminology â€Å"refers toRead MoreClassical Theory of Criminology Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesCriminology is the study of why individuals engage or commit crimes and the reasons as to why they behave in certain ways in different situations (Hagan, 2010). Through understanding the reasons or why an individual commits a crime, one can come up with ways to prevent and control crime or rehabilitate criminals. There exist a large number of criminology theories, some link crime to an individual or person; they believe a person weighs the cons and pros and makes a conscious decision on whether to

Managing Operational Improvement

Question: Discuss about the Managing Operational Improvement. Answer: Customers are considered to be the key asset for any of the organization as they help in evaluating their growth successfully. In order to enhance the overall performance of any organization, the quality and the production strategy plays the most significant role. The management team needs to focus on the preferred needs of the customers within that particular market segment concerned. Qualities of the products along with the services are two of the most crucial factors that need to be considered on top priority in order to enhance the profitability of the firm (Amararachchi, Perera, and Pulasinghe, 2014). There are several firms who have critically used the different types of the techniques to enhance the productivity rate and this has created a great impact on the minds of the concerned. Targeting, segmentation, and positioning are three of the important factors which help in evaluating the preferred growth of the particular firm. The strengths, as well as the weaknesses of a parti cular firm, needs to be identified as this will help in improving the weakness of that firm and will boost the strengths in a perfect direction. The article on gold star reveals the desired fact that it has segmented its respective customers into three of the crucial groups such as the franchises customers within the restaurants and the retail customers (Deepa, 2014). The segmentation of the different customers plays the crucial role in the identification of the demands and the needs of the customers. The segmentation is the dividing up of the consumers as per their similar choices and this helps in providing them satisfactory services and products as per their needs. Gold star has defined the different characteristics features for each segment of the customers concerned. Convincing the customers is one of the difficult tasks for the different companies in order to increase the selling of their products. Therefore several other strategies have been incorporated into many of the well -known firms in order to attract a large number of the customers towards their firm. It has become important to learn from the experiences of the different customers regarding their perception of selecting the products as this will enhance the performance of the firm. Establishment of the franchises of the different firms in different market regions evaluates the brand name of the firm and this helps in capturing the entire market segments with great ease. The selections of the demographics, as well as the locations, are crucial to setting up of the preferred business of any firm. The manager, as well as the senior executives within the management team, executes the most significant role in developing the entire business process for the firm (Fabozzi and Markowitz, 2011). Moreover, there is a crucial need for evaluation of the desired services and products features which mainly occurs from various means. Improvement in the managing process leads to bring out the positive outcomes for any of the concerned firm. There are several tools used by many of the well-known firms in order to increase the quality of the products along with the services offered to the customers. The order fulfillment process needs to be checked in order to verify that the order is successfully delivered to the respective customers (Harris, McCaffer, and Edum-Fotwe, 2013). The flowchart of the order fulfillment process should contain certain steps such as receiving the order, picking up the parts, moving to inspection, checking order, moving to packaging, packing up the parts, moving to shipping and finally shipping to the respective customers. The qualities of the concerned products are of immense importance and it needs to be verified in order to maintain the appropriateness of the products (HORNYI, MILE, and SZÃ…Â °CS, 2011). Quality system of any of the product plays the most significant role for firms as it attracts a large number of the customers towards the organization. Verification of the order placed by the customers is important as it reflects the quality and the quantity of the order including the price. Next, is the checking the sheet for recording times as this will help in identifying the order placed is correct by the customer. In the entire process, the delivery time and the delivery process of the order need to be improved as per the satisfaction of the customers as this will help in evaluating the quality of the products offered to the concerned customers (Jacobs, 2009). Various articles on the managing of the business environment critically reflect that the opportunities to the concerned employees need to be provided as it helps in enhancing the productivity as well as the profitability of the concerned organization. The senior managers, as well as the executives, need to take active participation in monitoring the entire business as well as the production process. I t has been seen that discussions and direct contact with the customers of managers as well as the departments head bring out positive outcomes for the firm. Therefore, the managers along with the other employees need to work as per the desired demands as well as the needs of the customers prevailing within the particular market segments as this will help in evaluating the brand reputation of the customers on a large scale. The role of the order fulfillment process plays very crucial role in satisfying the customers. If the customers are not satisfied then they may switch to another company which is a threat to the concerned firm. In order to make the customers happy, the firm needs to follow the framework of the order fulfillment process as this will retain the customers within the organization which will finally result in increasing the profitability of the respective firm (Kanazawa, 2003). Time management is another process which needs to be monitored successfully as the expectati ons of the customer regarding the delivering of the products should not be hampered. Considering the order placed by the customers, it is important to look upon the delivery of the products as mentioned by the firm i.e. the quality, quantity along with the price should be verified as these are import elements which many hamper the expectations of the respective customers. Furthermore, research of the entire segments of the markets, as well as the needs and the expectations of the customers, are of immense importance as it helps in managing the entire improvement process related to the production or the promotional strategies formed by the firm (Karamchandani et al., 2014). The complete and effective research of the respective market segments will help in identifying the problems of the customers and then the ways for solving these problems could be generated. Collaboration in the working styles of the different employees within the workplace will help in bringing out the best possib le outcomes for the particular firm. The use of the DMAIC theory is viable in the case of solving the issues coming between the delivering of the products to the customers and managing the improvement process including the order fulfillment process within the organization. The use of Six-Sigma is beneficial for the management as well as the improvement process regarding the quality of the concerned products that are going to be delivered to the customers. the articles reflect the desired fact that at some point in time the service level got significantly dropped at CIGNA Corporation and this was a major threat for their corporation in order to sustain within the concerned marketplace segments. The changing of the different computers softwares as well as the entire systems also contributed towards the failing of the service levels at CIGNA Corporation. The dropping of the respective service levels resulted in a migration of the clients to various other firms and also resulted in decreasing of the share prices within the market segments (Latest CADverters provide major productivity and operational improvements, 2008). Therefore, there was a crucial need to implement the technology of Six-Sigma in order to bring out the previous stability of the firm rela ted to the management along wit the improvement process of the firm. Before moving to the other process and the approach of Six-Sigma it is important to understand the actual definition of Six-Sigma. It is the disciplined approach or approach which helps in eliminating the issues, errors or the defects coming between the development processes of the respective products delivered by a firm to its respective customers (Latest CADverters provide major productivity and operational improvements, 2008). The Six-Sigma includes up the entire transactional to manufacturing as well as products to its services. Therefore, the approach of Six-Sigma helps in improving the overall quality of the products along with the services. A defect in the services or the products delivered by the concerned customers can lead to the migration of the customers towards t6he other companies available within the respective marketplaces. In order to retain the customers within the particular organization, it is i mperative to look at the basic needs of those customers residing within the segmented markets (Long and Dhillon, 2015). As to successfully execute the complete process of Six-Sigma, a structure regarding the roles of the different members needs to be developed as this will help in completing the allocated tasks within the time frame provided. The champion is the center manager which looks after the whole Six-Sigma process and is responsible for facilitating the program or for the deployment of the program (Nishi, 2008). Next, is the Master Black Belt who is responsible for the development of the network of Six-Sigma and provides the required training n the entire matter to the respective employees within the firm. The rest are the members of the complete Six-Sigma process which helps in successfully executing the process. The employees or the team members needs to be properly trained regarding the different process included within the Six-Sigma process as this will help in taking the entire management process towards the right direction and will also help to remove the defects coming between the execution of the concerned process. The team members need to understand the defects as well as the issues coming from the manufacturing to the transactional process (Peng, 2009). The project initiation depends on the senior executive or which the head of the group and the next steps involved within the Six-Sigma process are followed by the other employees. After the initiation process, next comes the examination or scheduling of the process which is then followed by the resource allocation (Rego et al., 2011). The allocation of the resources needs to be perfect as this involves a certain amount of the risk regarding the quality of the products or the services involved during the manufacturing process. first of all the issues as well as the defects between the execution of the entire manufacturing or the transactional process needs to be identified with the help of the suitable techniques and then it should be followed by the rectification process as this will help in bringing about the required change for the developme nt of the business process of the firm. the use and the implementation of the Six-Sigma are considered to be of immense importance as this enhances the overall improvement process executed within the concerned organization. There should be a monitoring department which will help in monitoring the entire business procedure as it will help in assuring the complete quality of the products along with the services as per the expectations of the consumers concerned. Training of the different team members involved in the process is crucial as they help in improving the overall quality of the complete execution of the Six-Sigma process (Stroke: latest treatment options in acute management, 2015). The delivery system is under immense considerations the delivery of the suitable products, as well as the services, need to be s per the satisfactory demands of the consumers (The latest trends in the improvement of legal regulation of land property relations, 2016). The satisfactions of the custom ers helps in improving the overall brand image of the respective firms and therefore the management process needs to be enhanced as per the expeditions of the customers so that the best quality of the products and the services can be easily delivered to all of the consumers concerned. References Amararachchi, J., Perera, H. and Pulasinghe, K. (2014). Towards Knowledge Management for Healthcare: Effects of Latest Medical Information for the Quality of Healthcare in the Developing Countries: A Case Study.JBEMi, 1(2), pp.1-17. Deepa, (2014). Evolution of quality: a study of quality from primitive period to the latest development in India.Pranjana:The Journal of Management Awareness, 17(2), p.21. Fabozzi, F., and Markowitz, H. (2011).The theory and practice of investment management. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Harris, F., McCaffer, R. and Edum-Fotwe, F. (2013).Modern construction management. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell. HORNYI, A., MILE, M. and SZÃ…Â °CS, M. (2011). Latest developments around the ALADIN operational short-range ensemble prediction system in Hungary.Tellus A, 63(3), pp.642-651. Jacobs, C. (2009).Management rewired. New York, N.Y.: Portfolio. Kanazawa, T. (2003). The Latest Improvement for High Consistency Pulper Detrashing and Sticky Contamination Analyzing Equipment SCAN.JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL, 57(1), pp.41-47,019. Karamchandani, P., Johnson, J., Yarwood, G., and Knipping, E. (2014). Implementation and application of sub-grid-scale plume treatment in the latest version of EPA's third-generation air quality model, CMAQ 5.01.Journal of the Air Waste Management Association, 64(4), pp.453-467. Latest CADverters provide major productivity and operational improvements. (2008).Aircraft Eng Aerospace Tech, 80(5). Latest CADverters provide major productivity and operational improvements. (2008).Aircraft Eng Aerospace Tech, 80(5). Long, S. and Dhillon, B. (2015).Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering. Heidelberg: Springer. Nishi, K. (2008). The latest situation in stud welding from operational examples to standards.Welding International, 22(5), pp.294-298. Peng, Q. (2009).International Conference on Transportation Engineering, 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers. Rego, C., Gamboa, D., Glover, F. and Osterman, C. (2011). Traveling salesman problem heuristics: Leading methods, implementations, and latest advances.European Journal of Operational Research, 211(3), pp.427-441. Stroke: latest treatment options in acute management. (2015).The Pharmaceutical Journal. The latest trends in the improvement of legal regulation of land property relations. (2016).à Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã… ¸Ãƒ Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã… ¸.

To what extent was Macbeth the architect of his own downfall Essay Example

To what extent was Macbeth the architect of his own downfall Paper The play Macbeth attempts to communicate to readers that once someone begins to use violence in his or her quest for power, it is hard to halt them. It also seeks to show the corrupting and demoralizing effect of ambition on any person, regardless of their integrity. Macbeth, the main character, is the protectorate of everything good, and shows the qualities of a hero. However, during the course of the play, Macbeth changes drastically under the influence of power; power he has acquired through ambition and unjust murder. Macbeth goes to great lengths in order to maintain this status of power and finds himself killing and harming people without remorse to keep his status. However, none of this would have occurred if it hadnt been for the witches, the characters who are to blame for Macbeths downfall. The witches play a key part in the play and are the representation of evil in mankind. Although witches are mythical beings now, back when the play was written they were very real. These witches represent evil in the play as well and are the ones responsible for causing all of Macbeths and all subsequent problems. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent was Macbeth the architect of his own downfall specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent was Macbeth the architect of his own downfall specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent was Macbeth the architect of his own downfall specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer From the beginning of the play it is made clear that they gain nothing from harming Macbeth and only wish to bring harm to other people. For these reasons they are the characters with the most blame upon their shoulders. The witches set things in motion by giving Macbeth a set of prophecies, the most important one being All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter. Here we find the source of all problems in the play. The witches had counted on Macbeths own ambition to push him into committing terrible acts with horrific consequence in order to make sure that prophecy would come and true, so that he would become king. At the same time, Banquo, a good friend of Macbeths who is present when the witches speak to him, is not fooled by the witches. Banquo recognizes from the very beginning that the witches mean no good and realizes that the instruments of darkness tell us truths; win us with honest trifles, to betrays in deepest consequence. What this means is that the witches are not to be trusted. They may have told Macbeth some truth but in the end they mean him harm. Act 4, Scene 1 supports this argument. Macbeth wishes to speak to the witches a second time in order to receive a second set of predictions. The predictions he receives are made out to deceive him and take advantage of the fact that he yearns for power. One very important prediction, the second one, given by the witches is, Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth. It would appear that this prediction can only mean good because, at first glance, it looks as if no one born of a woman can harm Macbeth. However Banquo is proven right later on when Macbeth realizes the witches were speaking to him in paradoxs in order to confuse him, having him misinterpret key prophecies. Macbeth states be these juggling fiends no more believd that palter with us in a double sense, that keep the word of promise to our ear and break it to our hope. In this line Macbeth realizes that the witches have betrayed him. They made it appear to him that he was invincible, unable to be killed by any man born of a woman. Yet they failed to tell him that a man born of Cesarean birth, like Macduff, could still kill him. This is the reason behind his death. He had trusted the witches to speak the truth, yet their paradoxical predictions, which were meant to create a sense of ambition and total power, caused him to underestimate the enemy and eventually led to his downfall. Although it is possible to throw the blame onto somebody else, such as Lady Macbeth, who persuades Macbeth into committing the initial murder, it is undisputable that without the witches none of the events would have occurred. Even Macbeth cannot be held accountable for his actions because the witches took advantage of him. They relied on mans ambition and his strive for power, all they had to do is give him the initial nudge. For this reason they decided to present Macbeth with these predictions, in order to raise his hopes. Macbeth was manipulated by the witches and therefore everything resulting from his speaking to them (all of the murders and Macbeths own downfall) are the witches fault, which is why all other arguments are rendered invalid and the witches are entirely to blame.

Personal Safety Classes †Research Paper

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Cardiovascular Disease in American Culture Term Paper - 1

Cardiovascular Disease in American Culture - Term Paper Example According to trends and medical statistical data, every twenty five seconds, an American will suffer from a heart related medical condition and around every minute, an American will die from one. Cardiovascular disease can be caused by a multitude of both determinant factors as well as a variety of environmental factors. There has been researching was done which suggests that certain people have a genetic predisposition for the development of cardiovascular-related diseases. In particular, some people have a genetic defect that results in the muscles of the arterial wall in the heart, which makes a person more prone to heart attacks. Another big factor, which has been stressed in the development of cardiovascular disease, is living a poor lifestyle. A majority of foods that are eaten today have are highly processed foods that are high in fat and sodium. This can lead to the build-up of plaque in the heart and other cardiovascular-related structures. A lack of exercise leads to diseas es such as obesity and diabetes, which are comorbid with cardiovascular disease. The use of tobacco products and alcohol has also been shown to increase one’s predisposition to the development of cardiovascular-related illnesses. It has also been shown that there are psychological conditions that can lead to the development of heart disease. In particular, stress has been linked to this. Stress and anxiety can lead to the secretion of hormones into the blood, which can put strain on the cardiovascular structures leading to high blood pressure, possibility of heart attack, etc. There are many ways to avoid the development of cardiovascular disease. The most common way to avoid this development is by living a healthy lifestyle. Exercise in general and staying away from a sedentary lifestyle can lead to the strengthening of cardiovascular structures.

Macro economics assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macro economics assignment - Essay Example Austerity is cutting back on spending particularly on amount of public services and benefits. Austerity policy is usually used by governments to reducing defecate spending. Major characteristic of austerity is increase in taxing. Stimulus is where monetary policies are used to positively stimulate the economy. This is normally done by quantitative easing and the lowering of lending rates. Austerity is putting many countries especially those in Europe in a deeper mess. This is because it is causing a lot of difficulty than solution. So I believe it is not the best way to deal with the aftermath of the financial 2007-2008 financial crash. This is because the high tax rates are resulting in very minimal tax revenue. It is also getting harder and harder in making cuts on spending. According to Woods (2013), austerity has completely failed in countries like Greece to appoint where its output is declining. In other countries like the United Kingdom, government leaders have admitted that th ey were unable to reach their targets in 2010 even after slashing back on budgets and government spending (Davidson, 2013). The Exchequer chancellor George Osborne when giving his report to the House of Commons he stated that they had minimized government spending by up to 30 percent by the year 2010 hopping that they would reduce the nations deficit of the budget to zero percent in a period of four years and at the same time they also forecast that the country would have cleared all its public debt (Davidson 2013). However, their expectations were not met. Up to today none of the government forecasts on the outcome of their austerity measures has happened. Britain is still running on a budget that has a high deficit, and it has entered an even worse situation before the austerity measures (Davidson 2013). This clearly shows that austerity is not the way to go about the after math of the financial crash. Having seen that austerity policies are not working in many countries, then I p ropose stimulus to be the best option to deal wit the after math of the 2007- 2008 financial crisis aftermath. This can be proved by using the United States of America as an example. The United States of America implemented both austerity and stimulus policies to deal with the after math of the financial crash. In 2008 the United States of America Congress adopted a $158 billion tax cut package and in 2009 $787 billion unemployment fund (The New York Times, 2013). Te previous tax plan did not take a major effect in minimizing the United States’ deficit. However economists argue that the stimulus plan helped the United States of America’s economy to recover and even minimized job losses greatly. The dispute on measures to cope with the financial crash after math is mainly between the Keynes stimulus and the orthodox economics. As the theory of Keynes suggests, that in the short run, aggregate demand greatly influences product activity. Being so in stimulus amount of mon ey to be put in the economy is greatly influenced by the demand aggregate demand for the boost. This means that the amount of money to be boosted in economies as a result of the Financial crash largely depends on the level the economy has fallen. The orthodox economics insist that economic decisions are influenced by availability of finances and other market powers. The dispute between Keynesian and orthodox when it comes to stimulus is the fact that governments put money in their economies

MANAGING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

MANAGING - Essay Example The human resource management as a research field describes and deals with the organizational human capital. Wherever, humans are involved, there will be power politics present as well. In this way, the philosophy of postmodernism defines organizations as a setup that is a social entity, and it remains subjected to political forces as well (Jordan & Troth, 2004). The sub-concept of power roles emerged because organizations are powerhouses, and therefore, somebody has to house the power. The operational power of getting things done resides with the middle managers, and the top ones have to operate through them in order to keep moving the organization forwards in strategic terms. The humans have a propensity to watch their self-interest as well. The managers create problems by choosing strategies that cause them to face least amount of pain and struggle. They do not necessarily safeguard and look after the interests of the shareholders that is the prime purpose of their existence (Solansky, 2008). The literature of management calls the abovementioned phenomenon as the agency problem. The agency problem manifests itself when agents do not serve the objectives of their principles. The managers are agents of the shareholders of a specific company, but the former group has to assist the latter one in the process of attaining the goals. The corporate world operates in order to provide dividends to the investors, and the organisations also provide capital gains to the shareholders by increasing the market demand of their shares. The agency problems originates when managers have a belief that they can get away with committing fraud with the investors. The employees develop the tendency to skip and avoid their responsibilities because they might be experiencing psychological contract breach. They attempt to balance out their professional efforts with their current

Baroque Era :: essays research papers

In every way Baroque music is like a teen-ager. Ok, maybe not in the pimply-faced-criticize-everything-even-though-you-don’t-pay-for-it kind of way we have come to expect from our modern teen-agers. But what is a teen-ager anyway? Simply put; a teen-ager is no longer a child and not yet an adult. It is that awkward in-between stage when all the rules get broken, nothing ever seems to fit, and emotions fluctuate wildly. This is exactly how it was with the Baroque Era of Music. To put this into perspective, try and remember that the Renaissance was a "re-birth" of good art and music and the Classical era was that birth coming into its maturity. The Baroque Era—which happened to come directly after the Renaissance and before the Classical Era—coincided nicely with those awkward and highly emotional teenage years that everyone goes through on the pathway called growing up. When Was the Baroque Era? The official company line on when the Baroque Era started, which you will find in every book, encyclopedia, or bubble-gum wrapper on the subject, was the year 1600. The event which earned 1600 this enviable distinction, as far as I can tell, was the simple fact that it has two zeros stuck on the end of it, thus making it fairly easy to remember. In contrast, the end of the Baroque Era was definitively set by Johann Sebastian Bach, the Grand-Poobah of Baroque music, who had the good foresight to die in a year also ending with a zero, thus giving historians another easy to remember date; 1750. For some Baroque zealots Bach’s death was truly the day that music died†¦ at least it gave good closure. The Origins of Baroque Music In the spirit of rebellious teenagers everywhere, I’m going to throw caution (and facts) to the wind and talk about eunuchs. As you may know, eunuchs are guys who--for lack of a better term--are missing an organ. (Bach was a master organ player, but that has absolutely nothing to do with this) Medieval doctors had learned that if the--men, brace yourself--"family jewels" were cut off of boys at an early age, none of the traditional biological changes of puberty would occur. There would be no facial or body hair, their voices would not change, and all their acne problems would be virtually solved. Now, in my mind, that in NO WAY could compensate for the loss of everything that makes life worth living, but apparently back at the turn of the century (the 15th Century, I mean) being a eunuch was not as uncommon as one might think.

Year 11 Physics: the World Communicates Dot Points

The World Communicates 1. The wave model can be used to explain how current technologies transfer information * describe the energy transformations required in one of the following: mobile telephone, fax/ modem, radio and television Energy transmission in mobile telephone: ound wave energy (input sound) -> electrical (in transmitting phone) – > radio wave (transmit signal) -> electrical (in receiving phone) -> sound (output sound) * describe waves as a transfer of energy disturbance that may occur in one, two or three dimensions, depending on the nature of the wave and the medium A wave is a travelling disturbance which transfers energy without transporting matter. They may occur in 1D, 2D or 3D, depending on the nature of the wave and the medium. D- slinky, laser light >>> only moves in one direction 2D- water wave >>> propagates in all directions on a single plane 3D-light, sound, all EM waves >>> spreads/ radiates in all directions fro m a single point *identify that mechanical waves require a medium for propagation while electromagnetic waves do not Mechanical waves require a medium (particles in order to propagate) while electromagnetic waves do not. Classification of Waves: in terms of medium > mechanical (requires), electromagnetic (doesn’t require) -in terms of particle oscillation > mechanical >>> transverse (perpendicular), longitudinal (parallel) * define and apply the following terms to the wave model: medium, displacement, amplitude, period, compression, rarefaction, crest, trough, transverse waves, longitudinal waves, frequency, wavelength, velocity Mechanical Waves -require a medium to propagate -involves the transfer of energy through a medium by the motion of particles of the medium itself -particles moves as oscillations or vibrations around a fixed pointTransverse waves (e. g. light) – mechanical waves – particles of the medium oscillate back and forth in a direc tion perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation -does not require a medium Longitudinal/compressional waves (e. g. sound) -mechanical waves -particles of the medium oscillate back and forth in a direction parallel to the direction of propagation -requires a medium Period (T) – time taken for a single wave to pass through a fixed point OR the time taken for a particle of a medium to make one complete oscillation (measured in seconds) -T = 1fFrequency (f) – number of waves that pass through a fixed point per second OR number of complete oscillations of a medium particle in one second (measured in hertz > Hz) Medium – material through which a wave can propagate Displacement-shortest distance from initial position to final position of a particle Amplitude (A) – maximum displacement of particles from the undisturbed state (equilibrium position) Compression – zones where particles are closer together than in their undisturbed state Rarefaction – zones where the particles are further apart than in their undisturbed state Crest- highest part of the wavesTrough- lowest part of the wave Wavelength (? ) – distance between 2 successive identical points on a wave (e. g. distance measured in metres, between adjacent crests or troughs) Velocity (v) – speed at which the wave transfers energy away from the source * describe the relationship between particle motion and the direction of energy propagation in transverse and longitudinal waves Particles in a transverse wave oscillate back and forth in direction perpendicular to direction of propagation.Particles in a longitudinal wave oscillate back and forth in direction parallel to direction of propagation. * quantify the relationship between velocity, frequency and wavelength for a wave: Velocity is directly proportional to the product of the frequency and wavelength of the wave. 2. Features of a wave model can be used to account for the properties of sound * id entify that sound waves are vibrations or oscillations of particles in a medium Sound Waves -are vibrations or oscillations of particles in a medium classed as a mechanical longitudinal wave -when sound wave propagates, vibrations of the particles create pressure variations within that medium -frequency of a sound is determined by the frequency of the original vibration,NOT by the medium it travels through (i. e. frequency of a sound doesn’t change through any medium) -speed of sound is different in different media -sound travels fastest in solids, followed by liquids then gases (i. e. higher density- particles packed more closely together- vibrations travel faster) -speed of sound in air = 343 m/s relate compressions and rarefactions of sound waves to the crests and troughs of transverse waves used to represent them Compressions > crests Rarefactions > troughs * explain qualitatively that pitch is related to frequency and volume to amplitude of sound waves The amplitud e of a sound wave determines the volume of the sound. high amplitude = high volumelow amplitude=low volume Likewise, the frequency of a sound wave is directly related to the pitch of a sound. The higher the frequency, the more vibrations per second, and thus, the higher the pitch.High frequency= high pitchlow frequency=low pitch * explain an echo as a reflection of a sound wave Echo – forms when a sound wave reflects off a hard surface and rebounds back to its original source, essentially becoming the reflection of a sound wave. – wide variety of applications including SONAR (Sound Navigation And Ranging) > method for finding the depth of water and detection of animals and other objects in water * describe the principle of superposition and compare the resulting waves to the original waves in sound Superposition- also known as wave interference when two or more waves of the same type pass through the same medium at the same time, they will interfere with each other -individual component waves will interfere to give the resultant wave -position of any point on the resultant wave is the sum of the amplitudes of the component waves -rules to superimpose component waves: 1. End points 2. Intersecting points 3. Crests/ Troughs -note: > curve + curve = curve gt; curve + line = curve > line + line = line > once component waves no longer interfere with each other, they will return to their initial state -constructive interference > component waves are in phase (crests and troughs aligned) -destructive interference > component waves 180? out of phase (crests of one wave aligned to troughs of the other and vice versa) > resultant wave is a straight line 3.Recent technological developments have allowed greater use of the electromagnetic spectrum * describe electromagnetic waves in terms of their speed in space and their lack of requirement of a medium for propagation Electromagnetic Waves – travel through space at the speed of li ght, 3Ãâ€"10? m/s. – do not require a medium to propagate (i. e. can pass through a vacuum, are all transverse waves) – e. g. gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible (VIBGYOR), infrared, microwaves, radio waves * identify the lectromagnetic wavebands filtered out by the atmosphere, especially UV, X-rays and gamma rays Waves able to penetrate atmosphere and reach surface of the Earth> visible light, radio waves, microwaves -too much exposure to UV radiation can result in cancers and dangerous mutations -too much exposure to X-rays and Gamma radiation would quickly kill us -Earth’s atmosphere has the ability to absorb ay incoming high energy radiation * identify methods for the detection of various wavebands in the electromagnetic spectrum EM Wave| Detectors| Source|Gamma| Geiger Muller tube| Nuclei of radioactive atoms and cosmic rays| X-ray| Fluorescent screen| X-ray tubes| Ultraviolet (UV)| Photo/solar cellsFluorescent chemicals| Very hot objectsArcs and s parksMercury capour lamps| Visible| Photo/ solar cellsEye| Hot objectsLampsLasers| Infrared| Special photographic filmSkinSemiconductor devices such as LDR and photodiode| Warm and hot objects (e. g. ire, people)| Radio/ Microwaves| Aerials connected to tuned electric circuits in radio and TV sets| Microwaves and ovensTV and radio transmitters using electric circuits and aerialsOscillating electrons| Note: the sun is a producer of all EM waves sending all bandwidths to Earth Photographic film detects all EM waves except for radio/ microwaves * where k = amount of energy of source, d = distance away from source, I= intensity explain that the relationship between the intensity of electromagnetic radiation and distance from a source is an example of the inverse square law:Intensity – the energy received per square metre per second at a distance away from the source Attenuation – decrease in the strength of the signal or light -EM waves decrease in intensity the further th ey are away from the source – to reduce attenuation in long distance communication, signal needs to be either: > sent out as a very large strong signal > signals travelling long distances need to be amplified at repeater or booster stations along their path * outline how the modulation of mplitude or frequency of visible light, microwaves and/or radio waves can be used to transmit information Bandwidth – space taken up in terms of frequency Modulation – process of adding (encoding) signal information to an EM wave Amplitude Modulation -signal wave encoded onto carrier wave by adding amplitude of signal wave and carrier waves using principle of superposition -turns into resultant modulated wave -information stored in variations of amplitude -constant frequency, changing amplitudes when received, radio receiver will decode variation in amplitude to obtain original signal, which is then amplified Advantages| Disadvantages| * requires a much smaller bandwidth of frequencies for transmission * number of transmissions possible in the AM band is larger| * depend on changing of amplitude through superposition of waves and therefore e very prone to interference |Frequency Modulation -signal wave added to carrier waves by changing frequency of carrier wave -information stored in variations of frequency -constant amplitude, changing frequencies low signal corresponds to low frequency and vice versa for high signals Note: frequency bands = megahertz (MHz)= _x10^6 m/s Advantages| Disadvantages| * since FM waves store information on varying frequencies, less prone to interference -harder to influence frequency of a wave by interference and superposition| * each transmission utilises a large bandwidth * different transmitters must be allocated different frequency bands for transmission to avoide interference with each other * limited number of transmitters allowable in given area| discuss problems produced by the limited range of the electromagneti c spectrum available for communication purposes -each transmission requires different frequency bands, but available bandwidth for certain types of EM waves is limited so there’s a possibility may run out of bandwidth and have transmissions start interfering with each other 4. Many communication technologies use applications of reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves * describe and apply the law of reflection and explain the effect of reflection from a plane surface on waves Reflection – When a wave strikes a boundary, it bounces back.This is known as the reflection of a wave. Law of Reflection: – angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection – incident ray, reflected ray and the normal are on the same plane * describe ways in which applications of reflection of light, radio waves and microwaves have assisted in information transfer Light > fibre optic communcation Radio waves > AM/ FM radio transmission Microwaves > microwave repeating stations (to boost intensity of received signals through use of parabolic concave surface of satellite dishes) > mobile phone, internet cable data describe one application of reflection for each of the following: plane surfaces, concave surfaces, convex surfaces, radio waves being reflected by the ionosphere Plane > dressing and shaving Parabolic concave > satellite dishes (to reflect incoming signals to an antenna at the focus, hence amplifying signal), used in microwave repeating stations and radar control towers to boost intensity of received signals) >produce parallel beams of light used in torches, car headlight, etc Convex > shop security mirrors and side view mirrors (provides wider range of view) Radio waves reflected by ionosphereIonosphere – region of Earth’s atmosphere which consists of charged particles (electrons and ions) -charged property allows it to reflect low frequency (high wavelength) EM waves such as radio waves -this ref lection property enables the transmission of radio waves to receivers that are ‘out of sight’ due to the Earth’s curvature * explain that refraction is related to the velocities of a wave in different media and outline how this may result in the bending of a wavefront Wavefront – a line that joins all the point that are in phase in a wave (e. . a line that joins all crests, so is perpendicular to direction of propagation) Refraction – when waves travel from one medium to another, where they experience a change in speed, travel different distances (for the same interval of time), causing its wavefronts to bend. This changes the direction of propagation of the wave. Exception – when wave hits boundary between the two media at right angles, incident wavefronts are parallel to boundary, or incident angle is 0? -wavelength and velocity change -frequency remains the sameWhen a wave travels from a more dense to a less dense medium, direction of wave bends away from the normal and vice versa. Note: deep water is less dense than shallow water * define refractive index in terms of changes in the velocity of a wave in passing from one medium to another Refractive Index – the absolute refractive index of a material is a ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material RI = cv , where c is the speed of light, and v is the speed of light in material It is the change in velocity of a wave passing from one medium to another. related to optical density (i. e. high RI = high OD and vice versa) * define Snell’s Law: = = n? n? * identify the conditions necessary for total internal reflection with reference to the critical angle Total internal reflection occurs when the incidence angle is greater than the critical angle. * i. e. boundary totally reflects the waves, hence the wave never escapes the medium it is in Critical angle: – wave travelling from more dense to less dense – angle of incidence forms an angle of reflection of 90? the critical angle) * outline how total internal reflection is used in optical fibres Fibre-Optic Communication – optic fibres made of glass or plastic materials -An optical fibre consists of a core (made of material with higher RI/ is more optically dense) and a cladding – Light encoded with data is guided along the length of the fibre via total internal reflection until it reaches the other end where the information is extracted and decoded Advantages| How/ Why| large amount of data can be transmitted at any one time * suitable for transmitting information where straight line transmission is impossible * interferences by outside disturbances are minimised since light waves are confined within fibres * energy lost due to long distance transmission minimised| * by using a group of many fibres * light waves only travel in straight lines * light waves are confined within fibres * energy of light waves totally trapped with in core of fibres| . Electromagnetic waves have potential for future communication technologies and data storage technologies * identify types of communication data that are stored or transmitted in digital form * fibre optic communication * AM/FM radio broadcasting * mobile telephone calls * satellite communication